Time 1 (2009)

Time 2 (2010)

Time 3 (2011)

Time 3.5 (2012)

Time 4 (2012)

Time 5 (2013)

Time 6 (2014)

Time 7 (2015)

Time 8 (2016)

Time 9 (2017)

Time 10 (2018)

Time 11 (2019)

Time 12 (2020)

Scale Reference

QUESTIONNAIRE DETAILS

Numbers indicate the number of items used to measure each construct. Click on + in margins to see item content.

Click on 1, 2, and 3 in the upper left corner to expand or unexpand all constructs.

Questionnaire Details

Sample frame

Coded

Response type

Coded

Postal or online

Coded

What type of device did you use to complete this questionnaire?

Withdrawn from study

Coded

Withdrawn - Unspecified

Coded

Withdrawn - Poor health

Coded

Withdrawn - Deceased

Coded

Address change from previous wave

Coded

Name change

Developed for NZAVS

Name change from previous wave

Coded

Have you ever changed your name due to marriage or a civil union?

Participate in additional online research project

Developed for NZAVS

Are you open to being contacted and invited to participate in an additional online research project studying how people interact and make economic decisions in groups?

Are you willing to complete a short follow-up survey about your health?

Geographic Linkages

Meshblock area unit

Coded

Statistics New Zealand

Meshblock 2006

Coded

Meshblock 2013

Coded

Meshblock 2016

Coded

Area Unit

Coded

Are Unit 2006

Coded

Area Unit 2013

Coded

Area Unit 2016

Coded

Datazone ID

Coded

Exeter DJ, Zhao J, Crengle S, Lee A, Browne M (2017) The New Zealand Indices of Multiple Deprivation (IMD): A new suite of indicators for social and health research in Aotearoa, New Zealand. PLoS ONE 12(8): e0181260. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0181260

Datazone ID 2013

Coded

Regional Council

Coded

Regional Council 2006

Coded

Regional Council 2013

Coded

Regional Council 2016

Coded

Territorial Authority

Coded

Territorial Authority 2006

Coded

Territorial Authority 2013

Coded

Territorial Authority 2016

Coded

Territorial Authority Subdivision 2017

Coded

Ward

Coded

Ward 2006

Coded

Ward 2013

Coded

Ward 2017

Coded

Urban Area

Coded

Urban Area 2006

Coded

Urban Area 2013

Coded

Urban Area 2016

Coded

Community Board

Coded

Community Board 2013

Coded

Community Board 2016

Coded

Regional Council Constituency

Coded

Regional Council Constituency 2013

Coded

Regional Council Constituency 2016

Coded

Māori Constituency 2016

Coded

District Health Board

Coded

District Health Board code 2006

Coded

District Health Board code 2013

Coded

District Health Board code 2016

Coded

District Health Board constituency code

Coded

District Court 2010

Coded

High Court 2010

Coded

Health Domicile 2006 code

Coded

General Electoral District

Coded

General Electoral District 2007 code

Coded

General Electoral District 2013 code

Coded

General Electoral District 2017 code

Coded

Māori Electoral District

Coded

Māori Electoral District 2007 code

Coded

Māori Electoral District 2014 code

Coded

Māori Electoral District 2017 code

Coded

Reported High School/College

Developed for NZAVS

What was the name of the high school/secondary school that you attended? (Please be specific, and if more than one, list them all)

General Demographics

Gender

Fraser, G., Bulbulia, J. A., Greaves, L., Wilson, M. S., & Sibley, C. G. (in prep). Coding responses to an open-ended gender measure: A guide for the perplexed.

Are you male or female?

What is your gender? (open-ended)

Age

Developed for NZAVS

What is your age?

What is your date of birth?

Ethnicity

Census question as used and coded in the 2006 NZ Census (except for Time 3, which used an open-ended measure)

Which ethnic group do you belong to (NZ census question)?

Which ethnic group(s) do you belong to? (open-ended)

Māori ancestry

Houkamau, C. A., & Sibley, C. G. (2010). The Multi-Dimensional Model of Māori Identity and Cultural Engagement. New Zealand Journal of Psychology, 39, 8-28.

Do you identify as Māori and/or have any ancestors who are Māori?

Country of birth

Developed for NZAVS

Which country were you born in?

Where were you born? (please be specific, e.g., which town/city?)

Born Territorial Authority

Coded

Still resident in same Territorial Authority as born in (if born in NZ)?

Coded

Years lived in NZ

Developed for NZAVS

If you were born overseas, for how many years have you lived in NZ?

New Zealand Citizen

Developed for NZAVS

Are you a New Zealand citizen?

Spoken Languages

New Zealand Census Question

In which language(s) could you have a conversation about a lot of everyday things?

Current nation of residence

Coded

Sexual orientation

Greaves, L. M., Barlow, F. K., Lee, C. H. J., Matike, C. M., Wang, Q., Lindsay, C-J., Case, C. J. B., Sengupta, N. K., Huang, Y., Cowie, L. J., Stronge, S., Storey, M., De Souza, L., Manuela, S., Hammond, M. D., Milojev, P., Townrow, C. S., Muriwai, E., Satherley, N., Fraser, G., West-Newman, T., Houkamau, C., Bulbulia, J., Osborne, D., Wilson, M. S., & Sibley, C. G. (2017). The diversity and prevalence of sexual orientation self-labels in a New Zealand national sample. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 46, 1325-1336.

How would you describe your sexual orientation?

How would you describe your sexual orientation? (e.g., heterosexual, homosexual, straight, gay, lesbian, bisexual, etc.)

Sexual orientation coding Level 1

Coded

Sexual orientation coding Level 2

Coded

Sexual orientation coding Level 3

Coded

Family and Housing

Mother's ethnicity

Developed for NZAVS

What is your mother’s ethnicity?

Father's ethnicity

Developed for NZAVS

What is your father’s ethnicity?

Mother's birth nation

Developed for NZAVS

In which country was your mother born?

Father's birth nation

Developed for NZAVS

In which country was your father born?

Urban/rural

Coded

Type of area participant grew up in (e.g. rural, suburban)

Developed for NZAVS

Which term best describes where you grew up? (e.g., rural, suburban, city)

Birth order

Stronge, S., Shaver, J., Bulbulia, J., & Sibley, C. G. (in prep). Only Children in the 21st Century: The Difference in Honesty-Humility between Adults with and Without Siblings is Very, Very Small.

Were you the 1st born, 2nd born, or 3rd born, etc, child of your mother?

Do you have siblings?

How many older sisters do you have?

How many younger sisters do you have?

How many older brothers do you have?

How many younger brothers do you have?

Number of children

Bulbulia, J. A., Shaver, J., Greaves, L., Sosis, R., & Sibley, C. G. (2015). Religion and parental cooperation: an empirical test of Slone’s sexual signaling model. In D. Slone & J. Van Slyke (Eds.), The Attraction of Religion: A Sexual Selectionist Account (pp. 29-62). Bloomsbury Press.

How many children have you given birth to, fathered, or adopted?

How many children have you given birth to, fathered, and/or parented?

Childcare program

Developed for NZAVS

If you have children under 5, do they go to a paid daycare program?

Home ownership

Houkamau, C. A., & Sibley, C. G. (2015). Looking Māori predicts decreased rates of home ownership: institutional racism in housing based on perceived appearance. PLoS ONE, 10, e0118540.

Do you own your own home? (either partly or fully owned)

Length of time at current address

Developed for NZAVS

How long have you lived at your current address (years/months)?

Number of adults in household

Developed for NZAVS

How many other adults live in your household with you regularly?

How many other people live in the same household as you… number of adults?

Number of children in the home

How many children live with you most of the time?

How many other people live in the same household as you… number of children?

Pet ownership

Fraser, G., Huang, Y., Robinson, K., Wilson, M. S., Bulbulia, J., & Sibley, C. G. (2020). New Zealand pet owners’ demographic characteristics, personality, and health and wellbeing: More than just a fluff piece. Anthrozoös, 33(4), 561-578.

Do you have any pets?

If yes, please specify (e.g., 1 dog, 2 cats, etc):

Characteristics of adults (relationship, occupation) in household when a child

Developed for NZAVS

Please list the adult(s) who lived with you while you were growing up. Please describe their relationship to you

… and their occupation.

Income, Employment, Education and Socio-Economic Status

NZ Deprivation Index

Coded

Salmond, C., Crampton, P., & Atkinson, J. (2007). NZDep2006 Index of Deprivation. Wellington: Department of Public Health; Atkinson, J., Salmond, C., & Crampton, P. (2014). NZDep2013 Index of Deprivation. University of Otago.

Deprivation score 2006 (for Meshblock)

Coded

Deprivation score 2013 (for Meshblock)

Coded

Deprivation score 2018 (for Meshblock)

Coded

Socio-economic status

Coded

NZSEI06 (NZ Socio-economic index)

Coded

Milne, B. J., Byun, U., & Lee, A. (2013). New Zealand socio-economic index 2006. Wellington: Statistics New Zealand.

NZSEI13 (NZ Socio-economic index)

Coded

Fahy, K. M., Lee, A., & Milne, B. J. (2017). New Zealand socio-economic index 2013. Wellington: Statistics New Zealand.

New Zealand Indices of Multiple Deprivation (for Datazone ID)

Overall deprivation decile

Employment decile

Income deile

Crime dedile

Housing decile

Health decile

Education decile

Access to services decile

Employment type

Stats NZ Census Question

In your main job, which one of these are you?

Occupation

Adapted from Stats NZ Census Question

What is your current occupation?

electoral

In that job, what is your current occupation?

Stats NZ Census Question

In that job, what is your current contractual arrangement?

Developed for NZAVS

What is the main activity of the business or employer that you work for?

Stats NZ Census Question

Occupation Coding Level 1

Coded

Occupation Coding Level 2

Coded

Occupation Coding Level 3

Coded

Occupation Coding Level 4

Coded

Occupation Coding Level 5

Coded

Proportion of women employed

Coded

Proportion of men employed

Coded

Proportion self-employed

Coded

Proportion employed

Coded

Job satisfaction

Developed for NZAVS

How satisfied are you with your current job?

Job security

Developed for NZAVS

How secure do you feel in your current job?

Job valued

Developed for NZAVS

How valued do you feel by your current organization?

Ability of work from home

Developed for NZAVS

How able are you to perform your job from home?

Continued job training

Developed for NZAVS

To what extent does your organization provide opportunities for skill development/further training?

Expectation of retraining

Developed for NZAVS

How likely is it that you will need to re-train or gain a qualification for a new job within the next 5 years?

Employment length

Developed for NZAVS

How long have you worked at your current organization? (years/months)

Education

What is your highest level of qualification?

Legacy coding scheme for education (1-5 ordinal rank)

Coded

NZ Reg (0-10 education ordinal rank)

Coded

New Zealand Qualifications Authority (2012). The New Zealand Qualifications Framework. New Zealand Government.

Household income

Developed for NZAVS

Please estimate your total household income (before tax) for the year 20XX.

Household income bands ($5000)

Coded

Personal income

Developed for NZAVS

Please estimate your own personal earnings (before tax) for the year 20XX.

Personal income bands ($5000)

Estimated household income - national average

Developed for NZAVS [Robbie Sutton & Rael Dawtry]

Now, think about all the other households in NZ. Give your best estimate of the average income of those households:

Estimated household income - neighbourhood average

Developed for NZAVS [Robbie Sutton & Rael Dawtry]

Now, think about all the other households in your immediate neighbourhood. Give your best estimate of the average income of those households:

Charitable donation amount

Hoverd, W. J., & Sibley, C. G. (2010). Religious and denominational diversity in New Zealand 2009. New Zealand Sociology, 25, 59-87.

How much money have you donated to charity in the last year?

Travel on holiday

Developed for NZAVS

In the last year, how many weeks (if any) have you spent on holiday where you travelled overseas?

In the last year, how many weeks (if any) have you spent on holiday where you travelled within New Zealand?

Where did you travel to for your holiday(s)?

Health-Related Demographics

Height

Developed for NZAVS

What is your height? (metres)

Weight

Developed for NZAVS

What is your weight? (kg)

Body Mass Index (BMI)

Coded

Kg/(m*m)

Smoking (tobacco)

Muriwai, E., Houkamau, C. A., & Sibley, C. G. (2018). Looking like a smoker, a smokescreen to racism? Māori perceived appearance linked to smoking status. Ethnicity and Health, 23, 353-366.

Do you currently smoke?

Do you currently smoke tobacco cigarettes?

How many cigarettes do you smoke in a normal day?

Developed for NZAVS

Have you ever smoked?

Developed for NZAVS

Have you ever regularly smoked tobacco cigarettes?

Developed for NZAVS

If yes, at what age did you start smoking tobacco?

Developed for NZAVS

Use of e-cigarettes/vape products

Developed for NZAVS

Do you currently use e-cigarettes or vapes?

Have you ever regularly used e-cigarettes or vapes?

Disease Diagnosis

Lee, C. H. J., Duck, I. M., & Sibley, C. G. (2017). Ethnic inequality in diagnosis with depression and anxiety disorders. New Zealand Medical Journal, 130(1454), 10-20.

Disease diagnosis - Cholesterol

Disease diagnosis - Blood Pressure

Disease diagnosis - Asthma

Disease diagnosis - Heart Disease

Disease diagnosis - Diabetes (non-specified type)

Disease diagnosis - Diabetes (Type II)

Disease diagnosis - Depression

Disease diagnosis - Anxiety Disorder

Disease diagnosis - Vitamin/Mineral Deficiency

Disease diagnosis - Other (open-ended)

coded

Coded using ICD

Health condition or disability

Adapted From: Verbrugge, L. M. (1998). A global disability indicator. Journal of Aging Studies, 11, 337-362.

Do you have a health condition or disability that limits you, and that has lasted for 6+ months?

if yes, please state: (open-ended)

Alcohol consumption

Babor, T. F., de la Fuente, J. R., Saunders, J., & Grant, M. (2001). The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test: Guidelines for use in. Primary care.

How often do you have a drink containing alcohol?

How many drinks containing alcohol do you have on a typical day when drinking alcohol?

Sleep duration

Buysse, D. J., Reynolds, C. F., Monk, T. H., Berman, S. R., & Kupfer, D. J. (1989). The Pittsburgh sleep quality index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research, Psychiatry Research, 28, 193-213.

During the past month, on average, how many hours of actual sleep did you get per night?

Currently pregnant

Developed for NZAVS

Are you pregnant?

If pregnant, trimester

Developed for NZAVS

If yes, what trimester are you in?

Born preterm (before 37 weeks)

Developed for NZAVS

Were you born premature? (i.e., born pre-term?)

Breast fed as a baby

Developed for NZAVS

Were you breastfed as a baby?

Dietary preference

Developed for NZAVS

How would you describe your dietary behaviour? (e.g., meat & vegetables, vegetarian, vegan, halal, pescatarian, etc.)

What did you eat for dinner last night?

COVID-19

Testing

Developed for NZAVS

Within the last month, have you been tested for COVID-19?

Within the last month, requested a COVID-19 test?

If yes, where did you request the test from?

coded

Within the last month, have you asked for, but been declined, a COVID-19 test?

If yes, why was your request declined?

coded

Within the last month, have you been advised to get a COVID-19 test but did not?

If yes, why did you decline to be tested?

coded

Government response

Developed for NZAVS

I trust the Government to make sensible decisions about how to best manage COVID-19 in New Zealand.

The New Zealand government response to COVID-19.

Perceived vulnerability

Developed for NZAVS

I am confident that I would easily make a full recovery were I to catch COVID-19.

Risk of contracting

Developed for NZAVS

… you believe you were at risk of catching COVID-19?

Ruminative thoughts

Developed for NZAVS

… you have repetitive negative thoughts about COVID-19?

Compliance

Developed for NZAVS

I am willing to take a COVID-19 test if offered one by a health professional.

I am willing to get vaccinated for COVID-19 once an approved vaccine is available.

I am willing to wear a face mask to help stop the spread of COVID-19.

I am willing to stay at home to help stop the spread of COVID-19.

I am willing to use a COVID-19 contact tracing app.

I am willing to strictly follow any and all guidelines provided by the Ministry of Health for managing COVID-19 in New Zealand.

Information source

Developed for NZAVS

I get a lot of my information about COVID-19 from government announcements.

I get a lot of my information about COVID-19 from mainstream news media.

I get a lot of my information about COVID-19 from social media.

Conspiracy beliefs

Developed for NZAVS

I think that health risks associated with COVID-19 have been wildly exaggerated.

I think it is quite likely that COVID-19 was created in a laboratory.

Life Events

Date of Marriage/Civil Union

Developed for NZAVS

If you are currently married or in a civil union, what was the date of your marriage or union?

Divorced

Developed for NZAVS

Have you ever been divorced?

Ever married (over course of study)

Coded

Ever widowed (over course of study)

Coded

Ever divorced (over course of study)

Coded

Birth date of eldest child

Developed for NZAVS

If you are a parent, what is the birth date of your eldest child?

If you are a parent, in which year was your eldest child born?

Birth date of youngest child

Developed for NZAVS

If you are a parent, what is the birth date of your youngest child?

If you are a parent, in which year was your youngest child born?

Own or household principal income earner job loss

Adapted From:Salmond, C., Crampton, P., King, P., & Waldegrave, C. (2006). NZiDep: A New Zealand index of socioeconomic deprivation for individuals. Social Science and Medicine, 62, 1472-1485.

In the last year have you personally or the principal earner in your household been out-of-work?

Bought cheaper food

Adapted From:Salmond, C., Crampton, P., King, P., & Waldegrave, C. (2006). NZiDep: A New Zealand index of socioeconomic deprivation for individuals. Social Science and Medicine, 62, 1472-1485.

In the last year have you personally been forced to buy cheaper food so you could pay for other things you needed?

Saved money on heating costs

Adapted From:Salmond, C., Crampton, P., King, P., & Waldegrave, C. (2006). NZiDep: A New Zealand index of socioeconomic deprivation for individuals. Social Science and Medicine, 62, 1472-1485.

In the last year have you personally put up with feeling cold to save on heating costs?

Victim of crime

Developed for NZAVS

In the last year, have you personally been the victim of a crime?

Life events inventory

Developed for NZAVS

Began a new serious romantic relationship

Got married

Separated from your romantic partner or spouse

Got divorced

The birth of a child

Someone stole something that was yours or burgled your home.

Someone assaulted you, abused you, or attacked you.

Someone sexually harrassed you.

Lost your job or had the principal earner in your household lose their job

Retired

Suffered a serious and ongoing illness or disease

A family member suffered a serious and ongoing illness or disease

Suffered an accident leading to serious injury

A family member suffered an accident leading to serious injury

The death of a family member or loved one

Have we missed anything important or would you like to provide more detail about your experiences? If so, please let us know in the box below:

Coded

Finally, have you experienced any significant life events in the past year? This is a final optional question. Your responses could help us to understand important changes in people’s lives that are missed by the specific questions in the survey.

Coded

Religion

Religiosity

Hoverd, W. J., & Sibley, C. G. (2010). Religious and denominational diversity in New Zealand 2009. New Zealand Sociology, 25, 59-87.

Do you identify with a religion and/or spiritual group?

Religious affiliation

Hoverd, W. J., & Sibley, C. G. (2010). Religious and denominational diversity in New Zealand 2009. New Zealand Sociology, 25, 59-87.

What religion or spiritual group?

Religious Identification

Hoverd, W. J., & Sibley, C. G. (2010). Religious and denominational diversity in New Zealand 2009. New Zealand Sociology, 25, 59-87.

How important is your religion to how you see yourself?

Spiritual identification

Postmes, T., Haslam, S. A., & Jans, L. (2013). A single‐item measure of social identification: Reliability, validity, and utility. British Journal of Social Psychology, 52(4), 597-617.

I identify as a spiritual person.

Belief in a God

Eurobarometer (2005)

Do you believe in a God

Belief in a spirit or life force

Eurobarometer (2005)

Do you believe in some form of spirit or lifeforce?

Church attendance

Sibley, C. G., & Bulbulia, J. (2012). Healing those who need healing: how religious practice affects social belonging. Journal for the Cognitive Science of Religion, 1, 29-45.

How many times did you attend a church or place of worship in the last month?

Church congregation size

Adapted From: Pew (2007) US Religious Landscape Survey

Approximately how many people belong to the church or place of worship that you attend most often?

Parental religiosity

Developed for NZAVS

While you were growing up, did your parent(s) or guardian(s) identify with a religion and/or spiritual group?

Parents' religion

Developed for NZAVS

If yes, what religion or spiritual group did your parents/guardians identify with?

Prayer frequency

Bulbulia, J. A., Shaver, J., *Greaves, L., Sosis, R., & Sibley, C. G. (2015). Religion and parental cooperation: an empirical test of Slone’s sexual signaling model. In D. Slone & J. Van Slyke (Eds.), The Attraction of Religion: A Sexual Selectionist Account (pp. 29-62). Bloomsbury Press.

How many times did you pray in the last week?

Scripture frequency

Bulbulia, J. Troughton, G., *Greaves, L. M., Milfont, T. L., & Sibley, C. G. (2016). To burn or to save? The opposing functions of reading scripture on environmental intentions. Religion, Brain and Behaviour, 6, 278-289.

How many times did you read religious scripture in the last week?

Religious education in schools

Perry, R., & Sibley, C. G. (2013). A dual-process motivational model of social and economic policy attitudes. Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy, 13, 262-285.

Including religious instruction in Christianity as part of the school curriculum.

Religious fundamentalism

Altemeyer, B., & Hunsberger, B. (1992). Authoritarianism, religious fundamentalism, quest, and prejudice. International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 2, 113-133.

God has given mankind a complete, unfailing guide to happiness and salvation, which must be totally followed.

When you get right down to it, there are only two kinds of people in the world: the Righteous, who will be rewarded by God; and the rest, who will not.

Different religions and philosophies have different versions of the truth, and may be equally right in their own way.

Quest orientation

Batson, C. D., & Schoenrade, P. A. (1991). Measuring religion as quest: 2) reliability concerns. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 30, 430-447.

I am constantly questioning my religious beliefs.

There are many religious issues on which my views are still changing.

As I grow and change I expect my religion also to grow and change.

Intrinsic orientation

Batson, C. D., & Schoenrade, P. A. (1991). Measuring religion as quest: 2) reliability concerns. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 30, 430-447.

My religious beliefs are what really lie behind my whole approach to life.

I try hard to carry my religion over into all my other dealings in life.

It is important for me to spend periods of time in private thought and meditation.

Extrinsic-personal orientation

Batson, C. D., & Schoenrade, P. A. (1991). Measuring religion as quest: 2) reliability concerns. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 30, 430-447.

The purpose of prayer is to gain relief and protection.

What religion offers me most is comfort when sorrows and misfortune strike.

The purpose of prayer is to secure a happy and peaceful life.

Extrinsic-social orientation

Gorsuch, R. L., & McPherson, S. E. (1989). Intrinsic/extrinsic measurement: I/E revised and single item scales. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 28, 348-354.

I go to Church because it helps me to make friends

I go to Church mostly to spend time with my friends

I go to church mainly because I enjoy seeing the people I know there.

Religious group narcissism

Adapted From: de Zavala, A. G., Cichocka, A., Eidelson, R., & Jayawickreme, N. (2009). Collective narcissism and its social consequences. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 97, 1074-1096.

I insist upon my religious group/denomination getting the respect that is due to it.

If my religious group/denomination had a major say in the world, the world would be a much better place.

The true worth of my religious group/denomination is often misunderstood.

God locus of health control

Wallston, K. A., Malcarne, V. L., Flores, L., Hansdottir, I., Smith, C. A., Stein, M. H., … & Clements, P. J. (1999). Does God determine your health? The God locus of health control scale. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 23, 131-142.

Most things that affect my health happen because of God.

God is directly responsible for my health getting better or worse.

Whatever happens to my health is God’s will.

Attitudes toward religion

Gibson, N. J. S., & Barnes, K. (2013). The varieties of religious nones: factor structure and validity of the non-religosity scales. Paper presented at: The International Association for the Psycholology of Religion, Lausanne, Switzerland.

I oppose religion in any form.

All things considered, religion is a cause for good in the world.

The teachings of traditional religions are still helpful today.

Islamophobia

Islam is a religion of peace.

Lee, S. A., Gibbons, J. A., Thompson, J. M., & Timani, H. S. (2009). The Islamophobia scale: Instrument development and initial validation. The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 19(2), 92-105. [reversed item Adapted From:Lee.. Islam is a religion of hate.]

If I could, I would live in a place where there were no Muslims.

Muslims in New Zealand should have the right to found Islamic schools.

Verkuyten, M., & Yildiz, A. A. (2006). The endorsement of minority rights: The role of group position, national context, and ideological beliefs. Political psychology, 27(4), 527-548. [minor adaptions from]

Time Usage (Hours)

Hours spent in activities

Sibley, C. G., Luyten, N., Purnomo, M., Moberly, A., Wootton, L. W., Hammond, M. D., Sengupta, N., Perry, R., West-Newman, T., Wilson, M. S., McLellan, L., Hoverd, W. J., & Robertson, A. (2011). The Mini-IPIP6: Validation and extension of a short measure of the Big-Six factors of personality in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Psychology, 40, 142-159.

Hours spent … working in paid employment

Hours spent … housework/cooking

Hours spent … looking after children

Hours spent … playing computer games

Hours spent … playing video/computer games

Hours spent … exercising/physical activity

Hours spent … watching TV/films/videos

Hours spent … watching TV/Netflix/movies

Hours spent … travelling/commuting

Hours spent … voluntary/charitable work

Hours spent … using the internet (in total)

Hours spent … watching/reading the news

Hours spent … putting on makeup/cosmetics

Hours spent … interacting with pets

Hours spent … using social media (e.g., facebook)

Hours spent … socialising with family

Hours spent … socialising with friends

Hours spent … socialising with community groups

Hours spent … socialising with religious groups

Hours spent … listening to music

Hours with partner/friends

Hours spent with romantic partner (face to face)

Developed for NZAVS

Hours spent with romantic partner (phone/skype)

Developed for NZAVS

Hours spent with romantic partner (online/email/text)

Developed for NZAVS

Hours spent with family/friends (face to face)

Developed for NZAVS

Hours spent with family/friends (phone/Skype)

Developed for NZAVS

Hours spent with family/friends (online/email/text)

Developed for NZAVS

Social Relationships

Relationship status

Girme, Y., Overall, N. C., Faingataa, S., & Sibley, C. G. (2016). Happily single: the link between relationship status and wellbeing depends on avoidance and approach social goals. Social Psychology and Personality Science, 7, 122-130.

What is your relationship status? (e.g., single, married, de-facto, civil union, widowed, living together, etc.)

Relationship length

Developed for NZAVS

How long have you been with your partner?

Relationship cohabitation

Developed for NZAVS

Do you live with your partner?

Partner's ethnicity

Developed for NZAVS

What is your partner's ethnicity?

Partner's gender

Developed for NZAVS

What is your partner's gender?

Relationship satisfaction

Developed for NZAVS

How satisfied are you with your relationship with your partner?

Conflict/disagreement with partner

Developed for NZAVS

To what extent do you experience conflict or disagreement with your partner?

Perception of partner's satisfaction

Developed for NZAVS

How satisfied do you think your PARTNER is with your relationship?

Relationship status change (from previous wave)

Coded

Partner change (from previous wave)

Coded

Relationship dissolution (from previous wave)

Coded

New relationship (from previous wave)

Coded

Approach social motivation

Elliot, A.J., Gable, S.L., & Mapes, R.R. (2006). Approach and Avoidance Motivation in the Social Domain. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32, 378-391.

I try to enhance the bonding and intimacy in my close relationships.

I try to move toward growth and development in my close relationships.

I try to share many fun and meaningful experiences with people I am close to.

Avoidance social motivation

Elliot, A.J., Gable, S.L., & Mapes, R.R. (2006). Approach and Avoidance Motivation in the Social Domain. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32, 378-391.

I try to avoid disagreement and conflict in my close relationships.

I try to stay away from situations that would harm my close relationships.

I try to make sure that nothing bad happens to my close relationships.

Partner's employment

Developed for NZAVS

Is your partner currently employed?

Partner's occupation

Developed for NZAVS

What is your partner's occupation?

Partner's hours working

Developed for NZAVS

On average how many hours per week does your partner work?

Received help and support - hours

Developed for NZAVS

family

friends

others in my community

Received help and support - money

Developed for NZAVS

family

friends

others in my community

Social Networks and Technology

Facebook user

Stronge, S., Greaves, L. M., Milojev, P., West-Newman, T., Barlow, F. K., & Sibley, C. G. (2015). Facebook is linked to body dissatisfaction: comparing users and non-users. Sex Roles, 73, 200-213.

Do you have a Facebook profile?

Facebook hours used

Stronge, S., Greaves, L. M., Milojev, P., West-Newman, T., Barlow, F. K., & Sibley, C. G. (2015). Facebook is linked to body dissatisfaction: comparing users and non-users. Sex Roles, 73, 200-213.

How many hours in the last week have you spent using Facebook?

Facebook identity centrality

Developed for NZAVS

How important a part of your daily routine is using Facebook?

Cyberbullying

Wang, M., Yogeeswaran, K., Andrews, N., Hawi, D., & Sibley, C. G. (2019). Is Cyberbullying a Youth Problem? Exploring the Prevalence of Cyberbullying among Male and Female Adults in a National Sample.

Has someone ever used the internet, a mobile phone, or digital camera to hurt, intimidate or embarrass you?

Cyberbullying - last month

... has this occurred in the last month?

Watched news

Shaver, J., Sibley, C. G., Osborne, D., Bulbulia, J. (2017). News exposure predicts anti-Muslim prejudice. PLoS ONE, 12, e0174606.

Do you regularly watch the news?

Home internet connection

Developed for NZAVS

Do you have an internet connection in your home?

Has email address

Coded

Has landline

Coded

Has mobile

Coded

Personality Related Measures

Mini-IPIP6 Extraversion

Am the life of the party.

Don't talk a lot.

Keep in the background.

Talk to a lot of different people at parties.

Mini-IPIP6 Agreeableness (also modelled as empathy facet)

Sympathize with others' feelings.

Am not interested in other people's problems.

Feel others' emotions.

Am not really interested in others.

Mini-IPIP6 Conscientiousness

Get chores done right away.

Like order.

Make a mess of things.

Often forget to put things back in their proper place.

Mini-IPIP6 Neuroticism/Emotional Stability

Have frequent mood swings.

Am relaxed most of the time.

Get upset easily.

Seldom feel blue.

Mini-IPIP6 Openness to Experience

Have a vivid imagination.

Have difficulty understanding abstract ideas.

Do not have a good imagination.

Am not interested in abstract ideas.

Mini-IPIP6 Honesty-Humility (item overlap with Psychological Entitlement)

Would like to be seen driving around in a very expensive car.

Would get a lot of pleasure from owning expensive luxury goods.

Feel entitled to more of everything.

Deserve more things in life.

Psychological Entitlement (item overlap with Honesty-Humility)

Campbell, W.K., Bonacci, A.M., Shelton, J., Exline, J.J., & Bushman, B.J. (2004). Psychological Entitlement: Interpersonal consequences and validation of a self-report measure. Journal of Personality Assessment, 83, 29-45.

Feel entitled to more of everything.

Deserve more things in life.

Demand the best because I’m worth it.

Honesty-Humility -Modesty Facet

Ashton, M. C., & Lee, K. (2008). The prediction of honesty-humility-related criteria by the HEXACO and Five-Factor models of personality. Journal of Research in Personality, 42, 1216-1228; Campbell, W.K., Bonacci, J.K., Shelton, J., Exline, J.J., & Bushman, B.J. (2004). Psychological entitlement: interpersonal consequences and validation of a self-report measure. Journal of Personality Assessment, 83, 29-45; Sibley, C. G., Luyten, N., Purnomo, M., Moberly, A., Wootton, L. W., Hammond, M. D., Sengupta, N., Perry, R., Hoverd, W. J., & Robertson, A. (2010). The Mini-IPIP6: Validation and extension of a short measure of the Big-Six factors of personality. Manuscript submitted for publication.

I want people to know that I am an important person of high status.

I am an ordinary person who is no better than others.

I wouldn’t want people to treat me as though I were superior to them.

I think that I am entitled to more respect than the average person is.

Honesty-Humility -Fairness Facet

Would never accept a bribe, even if it were very large.

Disgust sensitivity

Adapted from: Olatunji, B. O., Williams, N. L., Tolin, D. F., Sawchuck, C. N., Abramowitz, J. S., Lohr, J. M., et al. (2007). The disgust scale: Item analysis, factor structure, and suggestions for refinement. Psychological Assessment. 19, 281-297.

Bad smells, messes, dead animals and rotten food absolutely disgust me.

Agreeableness (politeness facet)

DeYoung, C.G., Quilty, L.C., & Peterson, J.B. (2007). Between facets and domains: 10 aspects of the Big-Five. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 93, 880-896.

Insult people.

Love a good fight.

Hate to seem pushy.

Openness (openness/intellect)

DeYoung, C.G., Quilty, L.C., & Peterson, J.B. (2007). Between facets and domains: 10 aspects of the Big-Five. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 93, 880-896.

Believe in the importance of art.

Seldom daydream.

Get deeply immersed in music.

Cognitive Consistency

Nichols, A. L., & Webster, G. D. (under review). The single-item need for consistency scale. Personality and Individual Differences.

I make an effort to appear consistent to others.

Social Desirability - Impression Management

Paulhus, D. L. (1991). Measurement and control of response bias. In J. P. Robinson, P. Shaver, & L. S. Wrightsman (Eds.), Measures of Personality and Social Psychological Attitudes. San Diego: Academic Press.

Don’t gossip about other people’s business.

Social Desirability - Self-Deceptive Enhancement

Don't care to know what other people really think of me.

Psychopathy

Levenson M. R., Kiehl, K. A., & Fitzpatrick, C. M. (1995). Assessing Psychopathic Attributes in a Non-institutionalised Population. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68 (1), 151-158.

I feel bad if my words or actions cause someone else to feel emotional pain.

For me, what’s right is whatever I can get away with.

Success is based on survival of the fittest; I am not concerned about the losers.

In today’s world, I feel justified in doing anything I can get away with to succeed.

Personal locus of control

Paulhus, D. L., & Van Selst, M. (1990). The Spheres of Control Scale: 10 Years of Research. Personality and Individual Differences, 11, 1029-1036; Spittal, M. J. ,Siegert, R. J., McClure, J. L., & Walkey, F. H. (2002). The Spheres of Control scale: the identification of a clear replicable three-factor structure. Personality and Individual Differences, 32, 121-131.

I can learn almost anything if I set my mind to it.

I can usually achieve what I want if I work hard for it.

Almost anything is possible for me if I really want it.

Self-control

Tangney, J. P., Baumeister, R. F., & Boone, A. L. (2004). High self-control predicts good adjustment, less pathology, better grades, and interpersonal success. Journal of Personality, 72, 271–322.

In general, I have a lot of self-control.

I wish I had more self-discipline.

Forgivingness versus Vengeful Rumination

Sometimes I can't sleep because of thinking about past wrongs I have suffered.

Adapted From: Caprara, G. V. (1986). Indicators of aggression: The dissipation-rumination scale. Personality and Individual Differences, 7(6), 763-769.

I can usually forgive and forget when someone does me wrong.

Adapted From: Berry, J. W., Worthington, E. L., O'Connor, L. E., Parrott, L., & Wade, N. G. (2005). Forgivingness, vengeful rumination, and affective traits. Journal of Personality, 73(1), 183-226.

I find myself regularly thinking about past times that I have been wronged

Developed for NZAVS

Perfectionism Discrepancy Subscale

Rice, K. G., Richardson, C. M., & Tueller, S. (2014). The short form of the revised almost perfect scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 96(3), 368-379.

Doing my best never seems to be enough.

My performance rarely measures up to my standards.

I am hardly ever satisfied with my performance.

Subjective Health Evaluation and Attitudes

Short-Form Subjective Health Scale (General Health Perception Subscale)

Ware Jr, J. E., & Sherbourne, C. D. (1992). The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36): I. Conceptual framework and item selection. Medical care, 473-483.

In general, would you say your health is...

I seem to get sick a little easier than other people.

I expect my health to get worse.

Health locus of control

Wallston, K. A., Wallston, B. S., DeVellis, R. (1978). Development of the multidimensional health locus of control (MHLC) scales. Health Education Monographs, 6, 160-170.

If I get sick, it is my own behavior which determines how soon I get well again.

If I take care of myself, I can avoid illness.

I am in control of my health.

Health Care Access

Lee, C. H. J., & Sibley, C. G. (2017). Demographic and psychological correlates of satisfaction with healthcare access in New Zealand. New Zealand Medical Journal, 130(1459), 11-24.

Your access to health care when you need it (e.g., doctor, GP).

Subjective fatigue

Sibley, C. G., Greaves, L. M., Satherley, N., Wilson, M. S., Overall, N. C., Lee, C. H. J., Milojev, P., Bulbulia, J., Osborne, D., Milfont, T. L., Houkamau, C. A., Duck, I. M., Vickers-Jones, R., & Barlow, F. K. B. (2020). Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and nationwide lockdown on trust, attitudes towards government, and wellbeing. American Psychologist, 75(5), 618-630. https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000662

During the last 30 days, how often did.... you feel exhausted?

Body satisfaction

Stronge, S., Greaves, L. M., Milojev, P., West-Newman, T., Barlow, F. K., & Sibley, C. G. (2015). Facebook is linked to body dissatisfaction: comparing users and non-users. Sex Roles, 73, 200-213.

Am satisfied with the appearance, size and shape of my body.

Perceived risk to self of weight-related illness

Developed for NZAVS

Do you think you personally are more at risk of a weight-based illness (e.g., heart illnesses, diabetes) than other New Zealanders, on average?

Perceived risk to ethnic group of weight-related illness

Developed for NZAVS

Do you think people from your ethnic group are more at risk of weight-based illnesses (e.g., heart illnesses, diabetes) than other New Zealanders, on average?

Vaccination

Lee, C. H. J., Duck, I. M., & Sibley, C. G. (2017). Demographic and personality correlates of vaccination attitudes in New Zealand. Vaccine, 35, 6089-6095.

It is safe to vaccinate children following the standard NZ immunization schedule.

If you have children under 18, are their vaccinations up-to-date, as per the recommendations of your doctor/GP?

Antibiotic expectations

Lee, C. H. J., Norris, P., Duck, I. M., & Sibley, C. G. (2018). Demographic and psychological factors associated with feelings of antibiotic entitlement in New Zealand. Antibiotics, 7, 1-14.

If I go to my doctor/GP with a minor illness (e.g., sore throat, cough, runny nose, etc.), I think that I should be prescribed antibiotics by default.

Health attitudes - importance of health education/facts

Developed for NZAVS

It is important for people to know the facts about healthy eating/nutrition.

Health attitudes - educating women/girls about health

Developed for NZAVS

We need to invest specifically in educating young girls and women about healthy lifestyles for the sake of future generations

Health attitudes - social support for a healthy lifestyle

Developed for NZAVS

People close to me support and encourage me to lead a healthy lifestyle

Health attitudes - money needed for a healthy lifestyle

Developed for NZAVS

It is easy to lead a healthy lifestyle if you make lots of money

Subjective rating of leading healthy lifestyle

Developed for NZAVS

Do you lead a healthy lifestyle? (e.g., eat healthy food, exercise regularly)?

Has resources to live a healthy lifestyle

Developed for NZAVS

Do you have the resources/ things you need in order to lead a healthy lifestyle?

Importance of health behaviours

Lee, C., Sibley, C. G. (in prep). Demographic, health and personality correlates of healthy lifestyle factors in New Zealand

Limit intake of salt.

Limit intake of saturated fats.

Limit intake of foods/drinks high in sugar.

Eat lots of fibre and whole grains.

Eat lots of fruit and vegetables.

Engage in regular physical activity.

Health behaviours regularity

Lee, C., Sibley, C. G. (in prep). Demographic, health and personality correlates of healthy lifestyle factors in New Zealand

How REGULARLY do you do you do this on a daily basis?... Limit intake of salt.

How REGULARLY do you do you do this on a daily basis?... Limit intake of saturated fats.

How REGULARLY do you do you do this on a daily basis?... Limit intake of foods/drinks high in sugar.

How REGULARLY do you do you do this on a daily basis?... Eat lots of fibre and whole grains.

How REGULARLY do you do you do this on a daily basis?... Eat lots of fruit and vegetables.

How REGULARLY do you do you do this on a daily basis?... Engage in regular physical activity.

Beliefs about the weight of Māori and Pacific peoples

Developed for NZAVS

Māori and Pacific Islanders tend to be more overweight than other NZers.

Regular family doctor

Developed for NZAVS

Do you have a regular family doctor/GP?

Satisfaction with family doctor

Developed for NZAVS

Are you satisfied with the service and care you receive from your family doctor/GP?

Cultural similarity to family doctor

Developed for NZAVS

Do you think your doctor/GP shares a similar cultural background to you?

Cultural respect of family doctor

Developed for NZAVS

Does your doctor/GP respect your cultural background when you are discussing health issues with them?

Subjective Wellbeing and Psychological Health

Personal Wellbeing Index

Cummins, R.A., Eckersley, R., Pallant, J., van Vugt, J. & Misajon, R. (2003). Development of a national index of subjective wellbeing: The Australian Unity Wellbeing Index. Social Indicators Research, 64, 159-190.

Your health.

Your standard of living.

Your future security.

Your personal relationships.

National Wellbeing Index

Tiliouine, H., Cummins, R.A., & Davern, M. (2006). Measuring wellbeing in developing countries: The case of Algeria. Social Indicators Research, 75, 1-30.

The economic situation in New Zealand.

The social conditions in New Zealand.

Business in New Zealand.

Felt belongingness

Adapted From: Hagerty, B. M., & Patusky, K. (1995). Developing a measure of sense of belonging. Nursing Research, 44, 9-13.

Know that people in my life accept and value me.

Feel like an outsider.

Know that people around me share my attitudes and beliefs.

Perceived social support

Cutrona, C.E., & Russell, D.W. (1987). The provisions of social relationships and adaptation to stress. Advances in Personal Relationships, Vol. 1, p. 37-67; Williams, K.D., Cheung, C.K.T., & Choi, W. (2000). Cyberostracism: Effects of being ignored over the internet. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79, 748-762.

There are people I can depend on to help me if I really need it.

There is no one I can turn to for guidance in times of stress.

I know there are people I can turn to when I need help.

Sense of community

Quality of Life 2008 Survey National Report (2009). Nielsen: New Zealand. Also, as used in: Sengupta, N., Luyten, N., Greaves, L., Osborne, D., Robertson, A., Armstrong, G., & Sibley, C. G. (2013). Sense of community in local neighbourhoods: person and area-level predictors in a representative national sample. New Zealand Journal of Psychology, 42, 36-45.

I feel a sense of community with others in my local neighbourhood.

Satisfaction with life

Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The Satisfaction with Life Scale. Psychological Assessment, 49, 71-75.

I am satisfied with my life.

In most ways my life is close to ideal.

Self-esteem

Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the Adolescent Self-image. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

On the whole am satisfied with myself.

Take a positive attitude toward myself.

Am inclined to feel that I am a failure.

Happiness

Lyubomirsky, S., & Lepper, H. (1999). A measure of subjective happiness: Preliminary reliability and construct validation. Social Indicators Research, 46, 137-155.

In general I consider myself to be a very happy person

I think that I’m less happy than most of the people I know

I am very happy – I enjoy life regardless of what is going on, getting the most out of everything.

I am generally not very happy – I’m not depressed, but I never seem as happy as I could be.

Kessler-6

Kessler, R. C., Green, J. G., Gruber, M. J., Sampson, N. A., Bromet, E., Cuitan, M., … & Zaslavsky, A. M. (2010). Screening for serious mental illness in the general population with the K6 screening scale: results from the WHO World Mental Health (WMH) survey initiative. International journal of methods in psychiatric research, 19(S1), 4-22.

During the last 30 days, how often did.... you feel hopeless?

During the last 30 days, how often did.... you feel so depressed that nothing could cheer you up?

During the last 30 days, how often did.... you feel restless or fidgety?

During the last 30 days, how often did.... you feel that everything was an effort?

During the last 30 days, how often did.... you feel worthless?

During the last 30 days, how often did.... you feel nervous?

Rumination

Adapted From: Nolen-Hoeksema, S., & Morrow, J. (1993). Effects of rumination and distraction on naturally occurring depressed mood. Cognition and Emotion, 7, 561-570.

During the last 30 days, how often did.... you have negative thoughts that repeated over and over?

Terrorism anxiety

Hawi, D., Osborne, D., Bulbulia, J., & Sibley, C. G. (2019). Terrorism anxiety and attitudes toward Muslims. New Zealand Journal of Psychology, 48, 80-89.

I often worry about terrorist attacks happening in New Zealand.

Personal respect

Adapted From: Tyler, T. R., Degoey, P., & Smith, H. J. (1996). Understanding why the justice of group procedures matters: A test of the psychological dynamics of the group-value model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70(5), 913-930. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.70.5.913

If they knew me, most NZers would respect what I have accomplished in life.

Work-Life Balance

Developed for NZAVS

I have a good balance between work and other important things in my life.

Gratitude

McCullough, M. E., Emmons, R. A., & Tsang, J. A. (2002). The grateful disposition: a conceptual and empirical topography. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82(1), 112.

I have much in my life to be thankful for.

When I look at the world, I don’t see much to be grateful for.

I am grateful to a wide variety of people.

Meaning in Life

Steger, M. F., Frazier, P., Oishi, S., & Kaler, M. (2006). The Meaning in Life Questionnaire: Assessing the presence of and search for meaning in life. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 53, 80-93.

My life has a clear sense of purpose.

I have a good sense of what makes my life meaningful.

Power and Dependence

Developed for NZAVS

I do not have enough power or control over important parts of my life.

Other people have too much power or control over important parts of my life.

Emotion Regulation

When I feel negative emotions, my emotions feel out of control.

Adapted From: Gratz, K. L., & Roemer, L. (2004). Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation and dysregulation: Development, factor structure, and initial validation of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale. Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment, 26(1), 41-54.

When I feel negative emotions, I suppress or hide my emotions.

Adapted From: Gross, J. J., & John, O. P. (2003). Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: Implications for affect, relationships, and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85(2), 348-362.

When I feel negative emotions, I change the way I think to help me stay calm.

Discrimination

Perceived discrimination - ethnicity

Stronge, S., Sengupta, N. K., Barlow, F. K., Osborne, D., Houkamau, C. A., & Sibley, C. G. (2016). Perceived discrimination predicts increased support for political rights and life satisfaction mediated by ethnic identity: a longitudinal analysis. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 22, 359-368.

Feel that I am often discriminated against because of my ethnicity.

I feel that I am often discriminated against because of my ethnicity.

Perceived discrimination - gender

Developed for NZAVS

Feel that I am often discriminated against because of my gender.

I feel that I am often discriminated against because of my gender.

Perceived discrimination - religion

Developed for NZAVS

I feel that I am often discriminated against because of my religious/spiritual beliefs.

Perceived discrimination - age

Developed for NZAVS

I feel that I am often discriminated against because of my age.

Perceived discrimination - ethnic group

Osborne, D., & Sibley, C. G. (2013). Through rose-colored glasses: System-justifying beliefs dampen the effects of relative deprivation on well-being and political mobilization. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 39(8), 991-1004.

Do you think people from your ethnic group are discriminated against in NZ?

People from my ethnic group are discriminated against in New Zealand.

Active harm - Ethnic

Sibley, C. G. (2011). The BIAS Treatment Scale (BIAS-TS): A measure of the subjective experience of active and passive harm and facilitation. Journal of Personality Assessment, 93, 300-315.

Do things to threaten you.

Make threatening gestures toward you.

Attack you, or make you fear that they might.

Passive harm - Ethnic

Sibley, C. G. (2011). The BIAS Treatment Scale (BIAS-TS): A measure of the subjective experience of active and passive harm and facilitation. Journal of Personality Assessment, 93, 300-315.

Insist that they know what is best for you.

Offer advice and opinions even when you don’t want it.

Try to help you with things you’d rather do for yourself.

Passive facilitation - Ethnic

Sibley, C. G. (2011). The BIAS Treatment Scale (BIAS-TS): A measure of the subjective experience of active and passive harm and facilitation. Journal of Personality Assessment, 93, 300-315.

Happily interact with you in formal situations but not social ones.

Only socialize or interact with you when it suits their purposes.

Treat you with respect, but avoid socializing with you.

Active harm - General

Sibley, C. G. (2011). The BIAS Treatment Scale (BIAS-TS): A measure of the subjective experience of active and passive harm and facilitation. Journal of Personality Assessment, 93, 300-315.

Do things to threaten you.

Make threatening gestures toward you.

Attack you, or make you fear that they might.

Passive harm - General

Sibley, C. G. (2011). The BIAS Treatment Scale (BIAS-TS): A measure of the subjective experience of active and passive harm and facilitation. Journal of Personality Assessment, 93, 300-315.

Insist that they know what is best for you.

Offer advice and opinions even when you don’t want it.

Try to help you with things you’d rather do for yourself.

Active facilitation - General

Sibley, C. G. (2011). The BIAS Treatment Scale (BIAS-TS): A measure of the subjective experience of active and passive harm and facilitation. Journal of Personality Assessment, 93, 300-315.

Are friendly and willing to help you.

Are happy to hear your opinions about things.

Make you feel welcome when they meet you.

Passive facilitation - General

Sibley, C. G. (2011). The BIAS Treatment Scale (BIAS-TS): A measure of the subjective experience of active and passive harm and facilitation. Journal of Personality Assessment, 93, 300-315.

Happily interact with you in formal situations but not social ones.

Only socialize or interact with you when it suits their purposes.

Treat you with respect, but avoid socializing with you.

Voting Behaviour and Political Party Attitudes

Registered Electorate

Coded

Potential to register on Māori electoral roll (coded electoral, non-self-report)

Coded

Registration on Māori electoral roll (coded electoral, non-self-report)

Coded

Retrospective voted in the last general election

Sibley, C. G., Robertson A., Osborne, D., Huang, Y., Milojev, P., Greaves, L. M., Houkamau, C. A., Bulbulia, J., & Barlow, F. K. (2017). Bias and tracking accuracy in voting projections using the New Zealand Attitudes and Values Study. Political Science, 61, 16-34.

Did you vote in the New Zealand election in 20XX?

To which party did you give your party vote?

To which party did you give your electorate vote?

Which politicial party did you vote for in the last election?

Prospective intention to vote in next general election

Do you plan to vote in the next New Zealand election in 20XX?

To which party do you plan to give your party vote?

To which party do you plan to give your electorate vote?

If an election were held today, which political party would you vote for?

Support for Political Parties

Sibley, C. G., & Wilson, M. S. (2007). Political attitudes and the ideology of equality: Differentiating support for liberal and conservative political parties in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Psychology, 36, 72-84.

Level of support for The National Party

Level of support for The Labour Party

Level of support for The Green Party

Level of support for The Māori Party

Level of support for New Zealand First

Level of support for The ACT Party

Level of support for United Future

Level of support for The Mana Party

Level of support for The Internet Mana Party

Level of support for The Conservative Party

Political Orientation - liberal versus conservative

Jost, J.T. (2006). The end of the end of ideology. American Psychologist, 61, 651-670.

Please rate how politically liberal versus conservative you see yourself as being.

Political Orientation - left-wing versus right-wing

Jost, J.T. (2006). The end of the end of ideology. American Psychologist, 61, 651-670.

Please rate how politically left-wing versus right-wing you see yourself as being.

Satisfaction with performance of the current Government

Tiliouine, H., Cummins, R.A., & Davern, M. (2006). Measuring wellbeing in developing countries: The case of Algeria. Social Indicators Research, 75, 1-30.

The performance of the current New Zealand government.

Satisfaction with leadership of the current Prime Minister

Tiliouine, H., Cummins, R.A., & Davern, M. (2006). Measuring wellbeing in developing countries: The case of Algeria. Social Indicators Research, 75, 1-30.

John Key’s leadership as The Prime Minister of New Zealand.

Preferred Prime Minister

Developed for the NZAVS

If an election were held today, who would you vote for to be Prime Minister?

Political efficacy

Paulhus, D. L., & Van Selst, M. (1990). The Spheres of Control Scale: 10 Years of Research. Personality and Individual Differences, 11, 1029-1036.

By taking an active part in political and social affairs we, the people, can control world events.

The average citizen can have an influence on government decisions.

With enough effort we can wipe out political corruption.

Political identity centrality

Satherley, N., Osborne, D., & Sibley, C. G. (2020). Identity, ideology, and personality: Examining moderators of affective polarization in New Zealand. Journal of Research in Personality, 87, 103961. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2020.103961

How important are your political beliefs to how you see yourself?

Trust in politicians

Politicians in New Zealand can generally be trusted.

Political sophistication

Which party won the SECOND LARGEST number of seats in Parliament at the 2011 election?

New Zealand Election Study

Which of these persons is the current Minister of Finance for New Zealand?

New Zealand Election Study

Under MMP, party votes are used to allocate seats in parliament for all parties that cross the threshold. Which of the following does a party have to do to cross that threshold?

New Zealand Election Study

What is the current unemployment rate in New Zealand?

New Zealand Election Study

Who is the current Secretary-General of the United Nations?

New Zealand Election Study

Who is currently New Zealand's Deputy Prime Minister?

Lee, T. (2009). A desire for active citizens: An exploratory analysis of citizenship education for young migrants in New Zealand. Unpublished Master’s thesis: University of Canterbury.

How many political parties are currently represented in parliament?

Lee, T. (2009). A desire for active citizens: An exploratory analysis of citizenship education for young migrants in New Zealand. Unpublished Master’s thesis: University of Canterbury.

Political sophistication - response bias question

Developed for the NZAVS

Have you answered these questions without checking for the answers online or chatting to other people about them?

Social Policy Attitudes

Resource Policy Opposition

Liu, J. H., & Sibley, C. G. (2006). Differential effects of societal anchoring and personal importance in determining support or opposition to (bi)cultural diversity in New Zealand. Papers on Social Representations, 15, 1-15.

Māori ownership of the seabed and foreshore.

Reserving places for Māori students to study medicine.

Rates exemptions on Māori land.

Crown (government) ownership of the seabed and foreshore.

Symbolic Policy Opposition

Performance of the Haka at international sports events.

Waitangi Day as a national celebration of biculturalism.

Teaching Māori language in New Zealand primary schools.

Singing the national anthem in Māori and English.

Māori TV

Developed for NZAVS

A free-to-air Māori television channel.

Signage in Māori and English

Developed for NZAVS

Displaying signage in public places in both Māori and English.

Māori language defines New Zealand

Developed for NZAVS

I think that the Māori language helps to define New Zealand in positive ways.

Value speaking of English and Te Reo

Developed for NZAVS

It would be good if all people living in New Zealand could speak Māori and English

NZ flag change

Satherley, N., Yogeeswaran, K., Osborne, D., & Sibley, C. G. (2019). If they say ‘yes’, we say ‘no’: partisan cues increase polarisation over national symbols. Psychological Science, 29, 1996-2009.

Should the design of the New Zealand flag be changed?

Support for income redistribution

Adapted From: Gallup Poll items: Do you think our government should or should not redistribute wealth by heavy taxes on the rich? --- Do you feel that the distribution of money and wealth in this country today is fair, or do you feel that the money and wealth in this country should be more evenly distributed among a larger percentage of the people? http://www.gallup.com/poll/111655/americans-split-redistributing-wealth-taxing-rich.aspx

Redistributing money and wealth more evenly among a larger percentage of the people in New Zealand through heavy taxes on the rich.

Jobseeker support

Developed for NZAVS

Increase payments for those receiving Jobseeker Support (formerly the Unemployment Benefit).

Sole parent support

Developed for NZAVS

Increase payments for those receiving Sole Parent Support (formerly the Domestic Purposes Benefit).

Flat tax policy

Perry, R., & Sibley, C. G. (2013). A dual-process motivational model of social and economic policy attitudes. Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy, 13, 262-285.

A “flat” tax rate (everyone pays the same percentage of tax on their income).

Foreign ownership NZ farms

Developed for NZAVS

Restricting foreign ownership of New Zealand farms.

Foreign ownership NZ residental property

Developed for NZAVS

Restricting foreign ownership of New Zealand residential property.

Foreign investors buy NZ farms

Developed for NZAVS

Do you think foreign investors should be able to buy NZ farms?

Civil Union Act

Developed for NZAVS

The Civil Union Act.

Same-sex marriage

Developed for NZAVS

Same-sex marriage in NZ (The Marriage Amendment Act 2013).

Euthanasia

Social and Community Planning Research (1984). British Social Attitudes Survey, 1984 [computer file]. Colchester, Essex: UK Data Archive [distributor], 1985. SN: 2035, http://dx.doi.org/10.5255/UKDA-SN-2035-1

Suppose a person has a painful incurable disease. Do you think that doctors should be allowed by law to end the patient’s life if the patient requests it?

Government surveillance

Adapted From: Pew Research Center, June, 2014, “Beyond Red vs. Blue: The Political Typology”

Collection of telephone and internet data by the New Zealand Government as part of anti-terrorism efforts.

Promoting trade with India

Developed for NZAVS

Policies promoting closer trade ties between India and New Zealand.

Promoting trade with China

Developed for NZAVS

Policies promoting closer trade ties between China and New Zealand.

Immigration from India

Perry, R., & Sibley, C. G. (2013). A dual-process motivational model of social and economic policy attitudes. Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy, 13, 262-285.

Policies promoting more immigration from India to New Zealand.

Immigration from China

Perry, R., & Sibley, C. G. (2013). A dual-process motivational model of social and economic policy attitudes. Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy, 13, 262-285.

Policies promoting more immigration from China to New Zealand.

Government healthy lifestyle promotion

Developed for NZAVS

Government initiatives to inform and promote healthy lifestyle choices.

Genetic Engineering

Developed for NZAVS

Ensuring that all food and food ingredients sold in New Zealand are free from Genetically Modified Organisms.

Strict regulation limiting the use of genetic engineering in humans.

Artifical Intelligence

Developed for NZAVS

Strict regulation limiting the development and use of Artificial Intelligence.

Legalization of Cannabis

Little, A. (2019). 2020 Cannabis Referendum. Proactive Release Cabinet Paper, Ministry of Justice. https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/5990903-Proactive-Release-Cabinet-Paper-2020-Cannabis.html [wording from option as listed in]

Do you support legalising the personal use of recreational cannabis?

Hate Speech

Developed for NZAVS [Kumar & Chris]

People who hold opinions that are harmful or offensive to minority groups should be banned from expressing those views publicly.

Free Speech

Developed for NZAVS [Kumar & Chris]

Although I may disagree with the opinions that other people hold, they should be allowed to express those views publicly.

Crime and Justice-related attitudes

Institutional trust in police

Tyler, T. R. (2005). Policing in black and white: Ethnic group differences in trust and confidence in the police. Police quarterly, 8(3), 322-342.

People’s basic rights are well protected by the New Zealand Police.

There are many things about the New Zealand Police and its policies that need to be changed.

The New Zealand Police care about the well-being of everyone they deal with.

Compliance with police

Tyler, T. R. (2005). Policing in black and white: Ethnic group differences in trust and confidence in the police. Police quarterly, 8(3), 322-342.

I would always report dangerous or suspicious activities occurring in my neighbourhood to the police.

I would always provide information to the police to help them find someone suspected of committing a crime.

Three-strikes law for criminals

Developed for NZAVS

The current ‘3 Strikes’ law for violent/sexual offences, where the maximum possible sentence must be imposed without parole upon the third conviction.

Convicted sex offender database

Developed for NZAVS

A publicly available online database of all convicted sex offenders in NZ.

Violent offender rehabilitation

Developed for NZAVS

With enough support and professional help, people who have committed violent offences can be rehabilitated to become safe members of our society.

Sexual offender rehabilitation

Developed for NZAVS

With enough support and professional help, people who have committed sexual offences can be rehabilitated to become safe members of our society.

Physical/sexual violence - invest in women

Brownhalls, J., Duffy, A., Erikkson, L., Overall, N. O., Sibley, C. G., Radke, H., & Barlow, F. K. (in press). Make it safe at night or teach women to fight? Sexism predicts views on men’s and women’s responsibility to reduce men’s violence toward women. Sex Roles

We should invest more in educating women how to avoid physical/sexual violence from men.

Physical/sexual violence - invest in men

We should invest more in educating men to not be physically/sexually violent toward women.

Domestic violence

Greater investment in reducing domestic violence.

2009 citizen initiated anti-smacking referendum item

Dittman, C., Sibley, C. G., & Farruggia, S. (2013). Attitudes toward smacking in a New Zealand probability sample: psychological and demographic correlates. New Zealand Journal of Psychology, 42, 67-76. [adapted from referendum question]

Should a smack as part of good parental correction be a criminal offence in NZ?

Attitudes toward Anti-Smacking Bill (Section 59)

The current anti-smacking bill. (i.e., it being illegal to smack children).

Attitudes towards smacking for disciplinary purposes

It is OK for parents to use smacking as a way to discipline their children.

Ethnic Group Attitudes

Ethnic identity centrality

Leach, C.W., van Zomeren, M., Zebel, S., Vliek, M. L. W., Pennekamp, S. F., Doosje, B.,... Spears, R. (2008). Group-level self-definition and self-investment: A hierarchical (multicomponent) model of ingroup identification. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95, 144-165.

I often think about the fact that I am a member of my ethnic group.

The fact that I am a member of my ethnic group is an important part of my identity.

Being a member of my ethnic group is an important part of how I see myself.

Symbolic threat perception

Stephan, W. G., Boniecki, K. A., Ybarra, O., Bettencourt, A., Ervin, K. S., Jackson, L. A., McNatt, P. S., & Renfro, C. L. (2002). The role of threats in the racial attitudes of Blacks and Whites. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28, 1242-1254.

NZ Europeans have different values and morals compared to most other NZers.

Māori have very different values and morals compared to most other NZers.

Asians have different values and morals compared to most other NZers.

Pacific Islanders have very different values and morals compared to most other NZers.

Realistic threat perception

Bobo, L. (1998). Race, interests, and beliefs about affirmative action. American Behavioral Scientist, 41, 985-1003.

In my opinion, more good jobs for NZ Europeans means fewer good jobs for members of other groups in New Zealand.

In my opinion, more good jobs for Māori means fewer good jobs for members of other groups in New Zealand.

In my opinion, more good jobs for Asians means fewer good jobs for members of other groups in New Zealand.

In my opinion, more good jobs for Pacific Islanders means fewer good jobs for members of other groups in New Zealand.

Ethnic label preference for NZers of European descent

Liu, J. H., Wilson, M. W., McClure, J., Higgins, T. R. (1999). Social identity and the perception of history: Cultural representations of Aotearoa/New Zealand. European Journal of Social Psychology, 29, 1021-1047.

Which term do you prefer to describe New Zealanders of European descent?

Racial Essentialism

No, S., Hong, Y-Y., Liao, H-Y., Lee, K., Wood, D., & Chao, M. M. (2008). Lay theory of race affects and moderated Asian Americans’ responses toward American culture. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95, 991-1004.

To a large extent, a person’s race biologically determines his or her abilities.

Intergroup anxiety

Stephan, W. G., & Stephan, C. W. (1985). Intergroup anxiety. Journal of Social Issues, 41(3), 157-175.

I feel anxious about interacting with people from other races.

Intergroup anxiety for specific ethnic groups

Adapted From: Shelton, J. N., & Richeson, J. A. (2005). Intergroup Contact and Pluralistic Ignorance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88(1), 91-107.

I feel anxious about interacting with NZ European people

I feel anxious about interacting with Māori people.

I feel anxious about interacting with Pacific Island people

I feel anxious about interacting with Asian people.

Race-based rejection sensitivity

Shelton, J. N., & Richeson, J. A. (2005). Intergroup Contact and Pluralistic Ignorance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88(1), 91-107.

People from other races would be likely to reject me on the basis of my race.

Rejection sensitivity from specific ethnic groups

Adapted From: Shelton, J. N., & Richeson, J. A. (2005). Intergroup Contact and Pluralistic Ignorance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88(1), 91-107.

NZ European people would be likely to reject me on the basis of my race

Māori people would be likely to reject me on the basis of my race.

Pacific Island people would be likely to reject me on the basis of my race

Asian people would be likely to reject me on the basis of my race

Ethnic subgroup respect

Adapted From: Huo, Y. J., Molina, L. E., Binning, K. R., & Funge, S. P. (2010). Subgroup respect, social engagement, and well-being: A field study of an ethnically diverse high school. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 16, 427-436.

Do you think most New Zealanders respect the achievements of your ethnic group?

Most New Zealanders respect the achievements of my ethnic group.

Ethnic group narcissism

de Zavala, A. G., Cichocka, A., Eidelson, R., & Jayawickreme, N. (2009). Collective narcissism and its social consequences. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 97, 1074-1096.

I insist upon my ethnic group getting the respect that is due to it.

If my ethnic group had a major say in the world, the world would be a much better place.

The true worth of my ethnic group is often misunderstood.

Immigrant Atttiudes

Brugelmans, S. M., & van de Vijver, F. J. R. (2004). Antecedents and components of majority attitudes toward multiculturalism in the Netherlands. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 53, 400-422.

The unity of New Zealand is weakened by too many immigrants.

I feel at ease when I am in a city district in New Zealand with many immigrants.

There are too many immigrants living in New Zealand.

Ethnic Collective Action

Adapted From: Cronin, T. J., Levin, S., Branscombe, N. R., van Laar, C., & Tropp, L. R. (2012). Ethnic identification in response to perceived discrimination protects well-being and promotes activism: A longitudinal study of Latino college students. Group Processes and Intergroup Relations, 15, 393-407.

I have considered voting in terms of what is good for my particular ethnic group.

I have considered participating in demonstrations on behalf of my ethnic group.

I have considered signing petitions on behalf of my ethnic group.

Support European protests

Developed for NZAVS

Protest marches and public demonstrations supporting the rights of New Zealand Europeans.

Support for Māori Political mobilization

Osborne, D., & Sibley, C. G. (2013). Through rose-coloured glasses: system-justifying beliefs dampen the effects of relative deprivation on well-being and political mobilization. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 39, 991-1004.

Protest marches and public demonstrations supporting the rights of Māori.

Māori have too much political power and influence in decisions affecting NZ.

Modern Racism (Māori) - Denial of Discrimination

McConahay, J. B. (1986). Modern racism, ambivalence, and the Modern Racism Scale. In J. Dovidio & S. Gaertner (Eds.), Prejudice, discrimination, and racism (pp. 91–125). Orlando, FL: Academic Press.

Discrimination against Māori is no longer a problem in New Zealand.

Affect Thermometer and Contact

Intergroup Warmth Ratings

Modelled on affect thermometer items in United States National Election Study

Warmth toward Māori

Warmth toward NZ Europeans

Warmth toward Pacific Islanders

Warmth toward Immigrants in general

Warmth toward Asians in general

Warmth toward Chinese

Warmth toward Overweight people

Warmth toward Indians

Warmth toward Muslims

Sibley, C. G., Afzali, M. U., *Satherley, N., Ejova, A., Stronge, S., Yogeeswaran, K., Grimshaw, M., Hawi, D., *Mirnajafi, Z., Barlow, F. K., Milojev, P., Greaves, L. M., *Kapeli, S., *Zubielevitch, E., *Hamley, L., *Basabas, M. C., Wu, M. H., *Howard, C., *Lee, C. H. J., *Huang, Y., *Lockhart, C., *Bahamondes, J., Manuela, S., Milfont, T. L., Perry, R., Sengupta, N. K., Overall, N. C., Shaver, J. H., Troughton, G., Osborne, D., & Bulbulia, J. (2020). Prejudice toward Muslims in New Zealand: Insights from the New Zealand Attitudes and Values Study. New Zealand Journal of Psychology, 49, 48-72.

Warmth toward Arabs

Warmth toward Americans

Warmth toward Elderly people

Warmth toward Refugees

Warmth toward People with mental illness

Warmth toward People with a disability

Warmth toward LGBTQ+ people

Intergroup Anger Ratings

Barlow, F. K., Hornsey, M., Hayward, L., Houkamau, C. A., Kang, J., Milojev, P., & Sibley, C. G. (2019). Why do we hold mixed emotions about racial outgroups? A case for affect matching. Psychological Science, 30(6), 917-929.

Anger toward Māori

Anger toward NZ Europeans

Anger toward Pacific Islanders

Anger toward Immigrants in general

Anger toward Asians in general

Anger toward Chinese

Anger toward Overweight people

Anger toward Indians

Anger toward Muslims

Anger toward Arabs

Intergroup Contact

How frequently do you have POSITIVE/GOOD contact with NZ Europeans?

How frequently do you have POSITIVE/GOOD contact with Māori ?

How frequently do you have POSITIVE/GOOD contact with Pacific Islanders?

How frequently do you have POSITIVE/GOOD contact with Asians?

How frequently do you have NEGATIVE/BAD contact with NZ Europeans?

How frequently do you have NEGATIVE/BAD contact with Māori ?

How frequently do you have NEGATIVE/BAD contact with Pacific Islanders?

How frequently do you have NEGATIVE/BAD contact with Asians?

Hours contact ethnic groups

Sengupta, N. K., Barlow, F. K., & Sibley, C. G. (2012). Intergroup contact and post-colonial ideology: outgroup contact ameliorates symbolic exclusion but not historical negation. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 36, 506-517.

Hours of ethnic group contact Māori friends

Hours of ethnic group contact NZ Europeans friends

Hours of ethnic group contact Pacific Islander friends

Hours of ethnic group contact Asian friends

Hours of ethnic group contact American friends

Hours of ethnic group contact Māori friends/family

Hours of ethnic group contact NZ Europeans friends/family

Hours of ethnic group contact Pacific Islander friends/family

Hours of ethnic group contact Asian friends/family

Hours of ethnic group contact Māori others

Hours of ethnic group contact NZ European others

Hours of ethnic group contact Pacific Islander others

Hours of ethnic group contact Asian others

Gender and Sexuality-Related Attitudes

Gender identity centrality

Being a woman/man is an important part of how I see myself.

Benevolent sexism

Glick, P., & Fiske, S. T. (1996). The Ambivalent Sexism Inventory: Differentiating hostile and benevolent sexism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 491-512.

Women, compared to men, tend to have greater moral sensibility.

Many women have a quality of purity that few men possess.

Women, as compared to men, tend to have a more refined sense of culture and good taste.

Women should be cherished and protected by men.

Every man ought to have a woman whom he adores.

Hostile sexism

Glick, P., & Fiske, S. T. (1996). The Ambivalent Sexism Inventory: Differentiating hostile and benevolent sexism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 491-512.

Women are too easily offended.

Women exaggerate problems they have at work.

Women seek to gain power by getting control over men.

Once a woman gets a man to commit to her she usually tries to put him on a tight leash.

When women lose to men in a fair competition, they typically complain about being discriminated against.

Gender income and employment opportunity

Sibley, C. G., & Perry, R. (2010). An Opposing Process Model of Benevolent Sexism. Sex Roles, 62, 438-452.

Incentives to increase women's participation in the paid workforce (paid for by government).

Introducing a programme to enhance sustainable business growth among businesses owned and operated by women.

Affirmative action policies for women promoting entry into female-under-represented occupations, such as construction and the trades.

Breast feeding in public

Huang, Y., Osborne, D., & Sibley, C. G. (2018). Public support and sociodemographic predictors of public breastfeeding support in New Zealand. New Zealand Medical Journal, 131, 44-53

Women should avoid breastfeeding in public.

Legalized abortion general

Adapted From: Smith, T. W., Marsden, P. V., Hout, M., & Kim, J. (2011). General Social Surveys, 1972-2010: Cumulative Codebook. University of Chicago: National Opinion Research Center.

Legalized abortion for women, regardless of the reason.

Legalized abortion woman's life in danger

Adapted From: Smith, T. W., Marsden, P. V., Hout, M., & Kim, J. (2011). General Social Surveys, 1972-2010: Cumulative Codebook. University of Chicago: National Opinion Research Center.

Legalized abortion when the woman’s life is endangered.

Attitudes toward homosexuality

Adapted From: Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life U.S. Religious Landscape Survey

I think that homosexuality should be accepted by society.

Sexual Satisfaction

Developed for NZAVS

How satisfied are you with your sex life?

Ideology and Social Attitudes

Social Dominance Orientation

Sidanius, J., & Pratto, F. (1999). Social dominance: An intergroup theory of social hierarchy and oppression. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

It is OK if some groups have more of a chance in life than others.

Inferior groups should stay in their place.

To get ahead in life, it is sometimes okay to step on other groups.

We should have increased social equality.

It would be good if groups could be equal.

We should do what we can to equalise conditions for different groups.

Right-Wing Authoritarianism

Altemeyer, B. (1996). The authoritarian spectre. London: Harvard University Press.

It is always better to trust the judgment of the proper authorities in government and religion than to listen to the noisy rabble-rousers in our society who are trying to create doubt in people's minds.

It would be best for everyone if the proper authorities censored magazines so that people could not get their hands on trashy and disgusting material.

Our country will be destroyed some day if we do not smash the perversions eating away at our moral fibre and traditional beliefs.

People should pay less attention to The Bible and other old traditional forms of religious guidance, and instead develop their own personal standards of what is moral and immoral.

Atheists and others who have rebelled against established religions are no doubt every bit as good and virtuous as those who attend church regularly.

Some of the best people in our country are those who are challenging our government, criticizing religion, and ignoring the "normal way" things are supposed to be done.

Colour-blind ideology

Knowles, E.D., Lowery, B.S., Hogan, C.M., & Chow, R.M. (2009). On the malleability of ideology: motivated construals of color blindness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 96, 857-869.

I wish people in this society would stop obsessing so much about race.

People who become preoccupied by race are forgetting that we’re all just human.

Putting racial labels on people obscures the fact that everyone is a unique individual.

Historical recognition vs. negation

Sibley, C. G., Liu, J. H., Duckitt, J., & Khan, S. S. (2008). Social representations of history and the legitimation of social inequality: The form and function of historical negation. European Journal of Social Psychology, 38, 542-565.

We should all move on as one nation and forget about past differences and conflicts between ethnic groups.

We should not have to pay for the mistakes of our ancestors.

People who weren't around in previous centuries should not feel accountable for the actions of their ancestors.

Symbolic projection vs. exclusion

Sibley, C. G. (2010). The dark duo of post-colonial ideology: A model of symbolic exclusion and historical negation. International Journal of Conflict and Violence, 4, 106-123.

I think that Māori culture helps to define New Zealand in positive ways.

I reckon Māori culture should stay where it belongs—with Māori. It doesn’t concern other NZers.

New Zealand would be a better place to live if we forgot about trying to promote Māori culture to everyone.

Equality positioning

We are all New Zealanders and the law should not make provision for minority groups because of their ethnicity.

True equality can be achieved only once we recognize that some ethnic groups are currently more disadvantaged than others and require additional assistance from the government.

We are all one nation and we should all be treated the same. No one should be entitled to anything more than the rest of us simply because they belong to one particular ethnic group.

System justification

Kay, A. C., & Jost, J. T. (2003). Complementary justice: effects of “poor but happy” and “poor but honest” stereotype exemplars on system justification and implicit activation of the justice motive. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85, 823-837.

In general, the New Zealand political system operates as it should.

In general, I find New Zealand society to be fair.

Everyone has a fair shot at wealth and happiness in New Zealand.

Most of New Zealand's policies serve the greater good.

Gender-specific system justification

Jost, J.T., & Kay, A.C. (2005). Exposure to benevolent sexism and complementary gender stereotypes: Consequences for specific and diffuse forms of system justification. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88, 498-509.

In general, relations between men and women in New Zealand are fair.

Men and women both have a fair shot at wealth and happiness in NZ.

Ethnic-specific system justification

Adapted From:Jost, J.T., & Kay, A.C. (2005). Exposure to benevolent sexism and complementary gender stereotypes: Consequences for specific and diffuse forms of system justification. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88, 498-509.

Everyone in New Zealand has a fair shot at wealth and happiness, regardless of their ethnicity or race.

In general, relations between different ethnic groups in New Zealand are fair.

Economic system justification

Jost, J. T., & Thompson, E. P. (2000). Group-based dominance and opposition to equality as independent predictors of self-esteem, ethnocentrism, and social policy attitudes among African Americans and European Americans. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 36(3), 209-232.

Economic positions are legitimate reflections of people’s achievements.

Attitudes toward high achievers

Feather, N. T. (1989). Attitudes towards the high achiever: The fall of the tall poppy. Australian Journal of Psychology, 41(3), 239-267.

It's good to see very successful people fail occasionally.

People shouldn’t criticise or knock the very successful.

Competitive worldview

Duckitt, J., Wagner, C., du Plessis, I., & Birum, I. (2002). The psychological bases of ideology and prejudice: Testing a dual process model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83, 75-93.

It’s a dog-eat-dog world where you have to be ruthless at times.

Life is not governed by the ‘survival of the fittest.’ We should let compassion and moral laws be our guide.

Dangerous worldview

Duckitt, J., Wagner, C., du Plessis, I., & Birum, I. (2002). The psychological bases of ideology and prejudice: Testing a dual process model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83, 75-93.

There are many dangerous people in our society who will attack someone out of pure meanness, for no reason at all.

Despite what one hears about “crime in the street,” there probably isn’t any more now than there ever has been.

Ethnic group impermeability

Mummendey, A., & Wenzel, M. (1999). Social discrimination and tolerance in intergroup relations: Reactions to intergroup difference. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 3(2), 158-174.

The current income gap between New Zealand Europeans and other ethnic groups would be very hard to change.

Individual permeability

Tausch, N., Saguy, T., & Bryson, J. (2015). How does intergroup contact affect social change? Its impact on collective action and individual mobility intentions among members of a disadvantaged group. Journal of Social Issues, 71(3), 536-553.

I believe I am capable, as an individual, of improving my status in society.

Relative Deprivation--Individual

Adapted From: Abrams, D., & Grant, P. R. (2012). Testing the social identity relative deprivation (SIRD) model of social change: The political rise of Scottish nationalism. British Journal of Social Psychology, 51(4), 674-689.

I’m frustrated by what I earn relative to other people in NZ.

I generally earn less than other people in NZ.

Relative Deprivation--Ethnic Group

I’m frustrated by what my ethnic group earns relative to other groups in NZ.

People from my ethnic group generally earn less than other groups in NZ.

Tall poppy attitudes

Feather, N. T. (1989). Attitudes towards the high achiever: The fall of the tall poppy. Australian Journal of Psychology, 41(3), 239-267.

People who are 'tall poppies' should be cut down to size.

Trust in Science

I have a high degree of confidence in the scientific community.

Nisbet, E. C., Cooper, K. E., & Garrett, R. K. (2015). The partisan brain: How dissonant science messages lead conservatives and liberals to (dis) trust science. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 658(1), 36-66.

Our society places too much emphasis on science.

Hartman, R. O., Dieckmann, N. F., Sprenger, A. M., Stastny, B. J., & DeMarree, K. G. (2017). Modeling attitudes toward science: development and validation of the credibility of science scale. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 39(6), 358-371.

Belief in Conspiracy Theories

Lantian, A., Muller, D., Nurra, C., & Douglas, K. M. (2016). Measuring belief in conspiracy theories: Validation of a French and English single-item scale. International Review of Social Psychology, 29(1), 1-14. [minor adaption to wording, no preamble]

I think that the official version of major world events given by authorities often hides the truth.

Attributions about income inequality

Adapted From: Kluegel, J. E, Smith. 1986. Beliefs about Inequality: Americans' Views of What is and What Ought to Be. New York: Aldine de Gruyter.

If incomes were more equal, people would be less motivated to work hard.

Environmental Attitudes

Environmental efficacy

Sharma, S. (2008) Where do we stand? One Auckland secondary school’s journey toward sustainability. Unpublished MA thesis, The University of Auckland, Auckland, NZ.

By taking personal action I believe I can make a positive difference to environmental problems.

I feel I can make a difference to the state of the environment.

Value - Protecting the environment

PROTECTING THE ENVIRONMENT (preserving nature)

Value - Unity with nature

UNITY WITH NATURE (fitting into nature)

Satisfaction with NZ environment

Adapted From: Tiliouine, H., Cummins, R.A., & Davern, M. (2006). Measuring wellbeing in developing countries: The case of Algeria. Social Indicators Research, 75, 1-30.

The quality of New Zealand’s natural environment.

Climate Change

Sibley, C. G. & Kurz, T. (2013). A model of climate change belief profiles: How much does it matter if people question human causation? Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy, 13, 245-261.

Climate change is real.

Climate change is caused by humans.

I am deeply concerned about climate change.

Government regulation of carbon emissions

Developed for NZAVS

The New Zealand government should be involved in regulating carbon emissions.

Environmental self-sacrifice enacted

Liu, J. H., & Sibley, C. G. (2012). Hope for the future? Understanding self-sacrifice in the face of global warming among young citizens of the world. Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy, 12, 190-203.

Have you made sacrifices to your standard of living (e.g., accepted higher prices, driven less, conserved energy) in order to protect the environment?

Environmental self-sacrifice willingness

Are you willing to make sacrifices to your standard of living (e.g., accept higher prices, drive less, conserve energy) in order to protect the environment?

Environmental self-sacrifice norm perception

Do you think most New Zealanders are willing to make sacrifices to their standard of living in order to protect the environment?

Changes to daily routine willingness

Developed for NZAVS

Are you willing to change your daily routine in order to protect the environment?

Changes to daily routine enacted

Developed for NZAVS

Have you made changes to your daily routine in order to protect the environment?

Motorway Spending

Developed for NZAVS

Increased government spending on new motorways.

Public Transport Subsidy

Developed for NZAVS

Government subsidy of public transport.

Use of 1080 to control possums

Developed for NZAVS

Do you support the use of 1080 poison for possum control in New Zealand?

Protection of NZ native species

Developed for NZAVS

Protecting New Zealand’s native species should be a national priority.

Quality of waterways

Developed for NZAVS

The quality and health of the waterways in your local region.

Values and Morals

Openness to change values

Schwartz, S. (1992). Universals in the content and structure of values: Theoretical advances and empirical tests in 20 countries. In M. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 25, pp. 1-65). San Diego: Academic Press; Stern, P.C., Dietz, T., & Guagnano, G.A. (1998). A brief inventory of values. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 58, 984-1001.

A VARIED LIFE (filled with challenge, novelty and change)

AN EXCITING LIFE (stimulating experiences)

CURIOSITY (interest in everything, exploring)

Conservation values

FAMILY SECURITY (safety for loved ones)

SELF-DISCIPLINE (self-restraint, resistance to temptation)

HONORING OF PARENTS AND ELDERS (showing respect)

Altruistic values

EQUALITY (equal opportunity for all)

A WORLD AT PEACE (free of war and conflict)

SOCIAL JUSTICE (correcting injustice, care for the weak)

Self-enhancement values

AUTHORITY (the right to lead or command)

INFLUENCE (having an impact on people and events)

WEALTH (material possessions, money)

Human Rights Endorsement

Adapted From: McFarland, S., & Mathews, M. (2005). Who Cares About Human Rights? Political Psychology, 26(3), 365-385.

Everyone has the right to just and reasonable pay for the work they perform.

Everyone has the right to food, clothing, housing and medicine, no matter what.

Human Rights Restrictions

Adapted From: McFarland, S., & Mathews, M. (2005). Who Cares About Human Rights? Political Psychology, 26(3), 365-385.

Some people are simply not responsible enough to own property.

Some people are simply not responsible enough to vote or take part in the government of their country.

Moral foundations Harm

Graham, J., Haidt, J., & Nosek, B. A. (2009). Liberals and conservatives rely on different sets of moral foundations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 96, 1029-1046.

Compassion for those who are suffering is the most crucial virtue

One of the worst things a person could do is hurt a defenseless animal

It can never be right to kill a human being

Someone suffered emotionally

Someone cared for someone weak or vulnerable

Someone was cruel

Moral foundations Fairness

Graham, J., Haidt, J., & Nosek, B. A. (2009). Liberals and conservatives rely on different sets of moral foundations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 96, 1029-1046.

When the government makes laws, the number one principle should be ensuring that everyone is treated fairly.

Justice is the most important requirement for a society

I think it's morally wrong that rich children inherit a lot of money while poor children inherit nothing

Some people were treated differently than others

Someone acted unfairly

Someone was denied his or her rights

Moral foundations Ingroup loyalty

Graham, J., Haidt, J., & Nosek, B. A. (2009). Liberals and conservatives rely on different sets of moral foundations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 96, 1029-1046.

I am proud of my country's history

People should be loyal to their family members, even when they have done something wrong

It is more important to be a team player than to express oneself

Someone's action showed love for his or her country

Someone did something to betray his or her group

Someone showed a lack of loyalty

Moral foundations Purity

Graham, J., Haidt, J., & Nosek, B. A. (2009). Liberals and conservatives rely on different sets of moral foundations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 96, 1029-1046.

People should not do things that are disgusting, even if no one is harmed

I would call some acts wrong on the grounds that they are unnatural

Chastity is an important and valuable virtue

Someone violated standards of purity and decency

Someone did something disgusting

Someone acted in a way that God would approve of

Moral foundations Authority

Graham, J., Haidt, J., & Nosek, B. A. (2009). Liberals and conservatives rely on different sets of moral foundations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 96, 1029-1046.

Respect for authority is something all children need to learn

Men and women each have different roles to play in society

If I were a soldier and disagreed with my commanding officer's orders, I would obey anyway because that is my duty

Someone showed a lack of respect for authority

Someone conformed to the traditions of society

An action caused chaos or disorder

National Identity

Patriotism

Kosterman, R., & Feshbach, S. (1989). Toward a measure of patriotic and nationalistic attitudes. Political Psychology, 10, 257-274.

I feel a great pride in the land that is our New Zealand.

Although at times I may not agree with the government, my commitment to New Zealand always remains strong.

Nationalism

Kosterman, R., & Feshbach, S. (1989). Toward a measure of patriotic and nationalistic attitudes. Political Psychology, 10, 257-274.

Generally, the more influence NZ has on other nations, the better off they are.

Foreign nations have done some very fine things but they are still not as good as New Zealand.

National identification

Postmes, T., Haslam, S. A., & Jans, L. (2013). A single‐item measure of social identification: Reliability, validity, and utility. British Journal of Social Psychology, 52(4), 597-617.

I identify with New Zealand.

Identity Threat

Developed for the NZAVS

When I meet new people in New Zealand, they often assume that I am a foreigner.

Willingness to fight for one's country (war)

Inglehart, R. (Ed.). (2004). Human beliefs and values: A cross-cultural sourcebook based on the 1999-2002 values surveys. Siglo XXI.

Of course, we all hope that there will not be another war, but if it were to come to that, would you be willing to fight for your country?

Civic and ethnic national character

Citrin, J., Reingold, B., & Green, D.P. (1990). American identity and the politics of ethnic change. Journal of Politics, 52, 1124-1154.

To have New Zealand citizenship.

To be able to speak English.

To respect New Zealand’s political institutions and laws.

To have Māori or European ancestry.

NZ specific national character

Sibley, C. G., Hoverd, W. J., & Liu, J. H. (2011). Pluralistic and monocultural facets of New Zealand national character and identity. New Zealand Journal of Psychology, 40, 19-29.

To like rugby.

To have a knowledge of Māori culture.

To be egalitarian – believe in equality.

To have a ‘clean and green’ attitude.

Rugby national identity

As used by Marc Wilson in his Sunday Star Times survey

I think liking rugby is an important part of being a ‘true’ New Zealander.

All Blacks rugby positivity

As used by Marc Wilson in his Sunday Star Times survey

Generally speaking, how positive or negative do you feel about the All Blacks?

All Blacks rugby likelihood of world cup win

As used by Marc Wilson in his Sunday Star Times survey

At the start of the Rugby World Cup, what did you think was the likelihood that the All Blacks would win the tournament?

Identification with community

McFarland, S., Webb, M., & Brown, D. (2012). All humanity is my ingroup: A measure and studies of identification with all humanity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 103, xxx-xxx.

How close do you feel to each of the following groups… people in my community.

How often do you use the word “we” to refer to the following groups of people… people in my community.

How much would you say you have in common with the following groups… people in my community.

Sometimes people think of those who are not a part of their immediate family as “family.” To what degree do you think of the following groups of people as “family” … people in my community.

How much do you identify with (that is, feel a part of, feel love toward, have concern for) each of the following… people in my community.

How much would you say you care (feel upset, want to help) when bad things happen to… people in my community.

How much do you want to be … A responsible citizen of my community?

How much do you believe in … being loyal to my community?

When they are in need, how much do you want to help… people in my community?

Identification with New Zealanders

McFarland, S., Webb, M., & Brown, D. (2012). All humanity is my ingroup: A measure and studies of identification with all humanity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 103, xxx-xxx.

How close do you feel to each of the following groups… New Zealanders.

How often do you use the word “we” to refer to the following groups of people… New Zealanders.

How much would you say you have in common with the following groups… New Zealanders.

Sometimes people think of those who are not a part of their immediate family as “family.” To what degree do you think of the following groups of people as “family” … New Zealanders.

How much do you identify with (that is, feel a part of, feel love toward, have concern for) each of the following… New Zealanders.

How much would you say you care (feel upset, want to help) when bad things happen to… New Zealanders.

How much do you want to be … A responsible New Zealand citizen?

How much do you believe in … being loyal to New Zealand?

When they are in need, how much do you want to help… New Zealanders?

Identification with all humanity

McFarland, S., Webb, M., & Brown, D. (2012). All humanity is my ingroup: A measure and studies of identification with all humanity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 103, xxx-xxx.

How close do you feel to each of the following groups… people all over the world.

How often do you use the word “we” to refer to the following groups of people… people all over the world.

How much would you say you have in common with the following groups… people all over the world.

Sometimes people think of those who are not a part of their immediate family as “family.” To what degree do you think of the following groups of people as “family” … people all over the world.

How much do you identify with (that is, feel a part of, feel love toward, have concern for) each of the following… people all over the world.

How much would you say you care (feel upset, want to help) when bad things happen to… people all over the world.

How much do you want to be … A responsible citizen of the world?

How much do you believe in … being loyal to all humankind?

When they are in need, how much do you want to help… people all over the world?

Natural Disaster Preperation and Expectation

Emergency survival kit

Developed for the NZAVS

Do you have an emergency survival kit in your home?

Emergency kit items

Developed for the NZAVS

First aid kit

Transistor radio with batteries

Food & water for at least 3 days

Torch with spare batteries

Wind & waterproof clothes

Affected by Christchurch earthquakes

Sibley, C. G., & Bulbulia, J. (2012). Faith after an earthquake: a longitudinal study of religion and perceived health before and after the 2011 Christchurch New Zealand earthquake. PLoS ONE, 7, e49648.

Were you personally affected by the Christchurch earthquakes?

Earthquake expectation

Developed for the NZAVS

… you worry that a big earthquake might hit your region?

Open-ended essay response about earthquake experiences (open-ended)

Rowney, C., Farvid, P. & Sibley, C. (2014). I laugh and say 'I have Earthquake Brain!'": Resident responses to the September 2010 Christchurch Earthquake. New Zealand Journal of Psychology, 43, 4-13.

If you wish to offer any comments about how the earthquake affected you or the people around you, then please write them below:

CULTURE-SPECIFIC MEASURES FOR Māori AND PACIFIC PEOPLES

Māori identity and cultural engagement

Group membership and evaluation

Houkamau, C. A., & Sibley, C. G. (2010). The Multi-Dimensional Model of Māori Identity and Cultural Engagement. New Zealand Journal of Psychology, 39, 8-28.

(Māori) I reckon being Māori is awesome.

(Māori) I love the fact I am Māori.

(Māori) Being Māori is cool.

(Māori) I don’t really care about following Māori culture.

(Māori) I wish I could hide the fact that I am Māori from other people.

(Māori) My Māori ancestry is important to me.

(Māori) Being Māori is NOT important to who I am as a person.

(Māori) Being Māori is NOT important to my sense of what kind of person I am.

Socio-political consciousness

Houkamau, C. A., & Sibley, C. G. (2010). The Multi-Dimensional Model of Māori Identity and Cultural Engagement. New Zealand Journal of Psychology, 39, 8-28.

(Māori) Māori would be heaps better off if they just forgot about the past and moved on.

(Māori) All of us, both Māori and Pakeha, did bad things in the past—we should all just forget about it.

(Māori) I’m sick of hearing about the Treaty of Waitangi and how Māori had their land stolen.

(Māori) I think we should all just be New Zealanders and forget about differences between Māori and Pakeha.

(Māori) I think that Māori have been wronged in the past, and that we should stand up for what is ours.

(Māori) What the European settlers did to Māori in the past has nothing to do with me personally. I wasn’t there and I don’t think it affects me at all.

(Māori) I stand up for Māori rights.

(Māori) It’s important for Māori to stand together and be strong if we want to claim back the lands that were taken from us.

Cultural efficacy and active identity engagement

Houkamau, C. A., & Sibley, C. G. (2010). The Multi-Dimensional Model of Māori Identity and Cultural Engagement. New Zealand Journal of Psychology, 39, 8-28.

(Māori) I don’t know how to act like a real Māori on a marae.

(Māori) I can’t do Māori cultural stuff properly.

(Māori) I can’t do Māori culture or speak Māori.

(Māori) I know how to act the right way when I am on a marae.

(Māori) I’m comfortable doing Māori cultural stuff when I need to.

(Māori) I have a clear sense of my Māori heritage and what it means for me.

(Māori) I try to korero (speak) Māori whenever I can.

(Māori) I sometimes feel that I don’t fit in with other Māori.

Spirituality

Houkamau, C. A., & Sibley, C. G. (2010). The Multi-Dimensional Model of Māori Identity and Cultural Engagement. New Zealand Journal of Psychology, 39, 8-28.

(Māori) I believe that Tupuna (ancient ancestors) can communicate with you if they want to.

(Māori) I don’t believe in that Māori spiritual stuff.

(Māori) I believe that my Taha Wairua (my spiritual side) is an important part of my Māori identity.

(Māori) I can sense it when I am in a Tapu place.

(Māori) I can sometimes feel my Māori ancestors watching over me.

(Māori) I have never felt a spiritual connection with my ancestors.

(Māori) I think Tapu is just a made up thing. It can’t actually affect you.

(Māori) I feel a strong spiritual association with the land.

Interdependent self-concept

Houkamau, C. A., & Sibley, C. G. (2010). The Multi-Dimensional Model of Māori Identity and Cultural Engagement. New Zealand Journal of Psychology, 39, 8-28.

(Māori) My relationships with other Māori people (friends and family) are what make me Māori.

(Māori) I consider myself Māori because I am interconnected with other Māori people, including friends and family.

(Māori) My Māori identity is fundamentally about my relationships with other Māori.

(Māori) For me, a big part of being Māori is my relationships with other Māori people.

(Māori) How I see myself is totally tied up with my relationships with my Māori friends and family.

(Māori) My Māori identity belongs to me personally. It has nothing to do with my relationships with other Māori.

(Māori) Reciprocity (give-and-take) is at the heart of what it means to be Māori for me.

Authenticity Beliefs

Houkamau, C. A., & Sibley, C. G. (2010). The Multi-Dimensional Model of Māori Identity and Cultural Engagement. New Zealand Journal of Psychology, 39, 8-28.

(Māori) You can always tell true Māori from other Māori. They’re real different.

(Māori) I reckon that true Māori hang out at their marae all the time.

(Māori) True Māori always do karakia (prayer) before important events.

(Māori) You can tell a true Māori just by looking at them.

(Māori) Real Māori put their whanau first.

(Māori) To be truly Māori you need to understand your whakapapa and the history of your people.

(Māori) You can be a real Māori even if you don’t know your Iwi.

(Māori) You can be a true Māori without ever speaking Māori.

Perceived Appearance

Houkamau, C. A., & Sibley, C. G. (2015). The Revised Multidimensional Model of Māori Identity and Cultural Engagement (MMM-ICE2). Social Indicators Research, 122, 279-296.

(Māori) I think it is easy to tell that I am Māori just by looking at me.

(Māori) You only need to look at me to see that I am Māori.

(Māori) When people meet me, they often do not realize that I am Māori.

(Māori) I think it is hard to tell that I am Māori just by looking at me.

(Māori) I think it is clear to other people when they look at me that I am of Māori descent.

(Māori) People would never know that I am of Māori descent just by looking at me.

(Māori) People who don’t know me often assume that I am from another (non-Māori) ethnic group.

Māori Knowledge and Behaviour

Self-rated fluency in Te Reo Māori

Houkamau, C. A., & Sibley, C. G. (2010). The Multi-Dimensional Model of Māori Identity and Cultural Engagement. New Zealand Journal of Psychology, 39, 8-28.

Please rate your ability to speak Māori (Te Reo)

Frequency of Marae visits

Houkamau, C. A., & Sibley, C. G. (2010). The Multi-Dimensional Model of Māori Identity and Cultural Engagement. New Zealand Journal of Psychology, 39, 8-28.

How many times did you go to a marae in the last month?

Time watching Māori television

Developed for NZAVS

(Māori) Do you regularly watch Māori television?

(Māori) If yes, then how many hours of Māori television have you watched in the last week?

Origins of learning about Māori culture

Houkamau, C. A., & Sibley, C. G. (2010). The Multi-Dimensional Model of Māori Identity and Cultural Engagement. New Zealand Journal of Psychology, 39, 8-28.

(Māori) Books

(Māori) Marae

(Māori) Grandparents

(Māori) Friends

(Māori) Internet

(Māori) Kapa

(Māori) Kohanga

(Māori) Other family

(Māori) TV

(Māori) Parents

Knowledge of Hapu

Houkamau, C. A., & Sibley, C. G. (2010). The Multi-Dimensional Model of Māori Identity and Cultural Engagement. New Zealand Journal of Psychology, 39, 8-28.

(Māori) Do you know the name of your hapu (sub-tribe)?

Knowledge of Iwi

Houkamau, C. A., & Sibley, C. G. (2010). The Multi-Dimensional Model of Māori Identity and Cultural Engagement. New Zealand Journal of Psychology, 39, 8-28.

(Māori) Do you know the name(s) of your tribe/tribes (Iwi)

Knowledge of Marae

Houkamau, C. A., & Sibley, C. G. (2010). The Multi-Dimensional Model of Māori Identity and Cultural Engagement. New Zealand Journal of Psychology, 39, 8-28.

(Māori) Do you know the name of your marae?

(Māori) Do you know the location/region of your marae?

Home owner

Houkamau, C. A., & Sibley, C. G. (2015). Looking Māori predicts decreased rates of home ownership: institutional racism in housing based on perceived appearance. PLoS ONE, 10, e0118540.

(Māori) Do you own your own home?

Retirement savings

Developed for NZAVS

(Māori) Are you enrolled in a KiwiSaver scheme?

(Māori) If you have joined KiwiSaver, which fund have you enrolled with?

(Māori) Do you have another non-KiwiSaver retirement savings plan?

Pacific Identity and Wellbeing

Perceived Familial Wellbeing

Manuela, S., & Sibley, C. G. (2013). The Pacific Identity and Wellbeing Scale (PIWBS): A culturally-appropriate self-report measure for Pacific peoples in New Zealand. Social Indicators Research, 112, 83-103.

Your relationship with your parents.

Your position in your family.

Communication with your family.

The respect you give for your parents.

The respect you receive from your family.

Your family’s happiness.

Your family’s security.

Perceived Societal Wellbeing

Support provided to you by the New Zealand government to you as a Pacific Islander.

Your position in New Zealand as a Pacific person.

The support you receive as a Pacific Islander in New Zealand.

Your personal needs being met by New Zealand.

Your relationship with New Zealand society.

The support you receive as a Pacific Islander in the community you live in.

The support you receive in the community you live in.

Pacific Connectedness and Belonging

I feel at home around other Islanders, even if they are not from my island.

I feel connected to other Pacific peoples in general.

I feel connected to people from a different Pacific Island to myself.

I feel comfortable in places with lots of other Pacific peoples.

I feel most comfortable in Pacific communities.

I don’t get along with other Island groups.

Religious Centrality and Embeddedness

Going to church is part of my culture and religion.

God has a strong connection to my culture.

Religion is not important for my culture.

Our religion is the centre of our culture as Pacific Islanders.

Religion is the root of our Pasifika culture.

Part of being a Pacific Islander is having a connection with God.

Group Membership Evaluation

The fact that I am an Islander is an important part of my identity.

Being an Islander is an important part of how I see myself.

Being a Pacific Islander gives me a good feeling.

I am glad to be a Pacific Islander.

I am proud to be a Pacific Islander.

Pacific Cultural Efficacy

Manuela, S., & Sibley, C. G. (2015). The Pacific Identity and Wellbeing Scale—Revised: comparisons across Pacific groups. New Zealand Journal of Psychology, 44, 61-72.

I find it easy to participate in Pacific cultural events.

I feel I am easily able to express who I am as a Pacific person.

I enjoy participating in Pacific cultural events.

I find it difficult to express my Pacific culture.