*Replicate of plot in http://andrewgelman.com/2016/03/07/smiley-faces-were-never-seen.


DATASET CLOSE ALL.
OUTPUT CLOSE ALL.

*Simulating a set of data.
SET SEED 10.
INPUT PROGRAM.
LOOP #i = 1 TO 22.
  COMPUTE Year = (#i-1)*5 + 1905.
  COMPUTE Ord = #i.
  END CASE.
END LOOP.
END FILE.
END INPUT PROGRAM.
DATASET NAME Smiley.
DO IF Year <= 1955.
  COMPUTE M_M = Ord + RV.NORMAL(0,1).
ELSE.
  COMPUTE M_M = 9.5 + RV.NORMAL(0,1).
END IF.
COMPUTE W_M = M_M + 1 + RV.NORMAL(0,0.2).
COMPUTE SE = M_M*0.3 + 1 + RV.NORMAL(0,0.3).
FORMATS Year (F4.0) M_M W_M SE Ord (F2.0).
*Replicating the original plot.


GGRAPH
  /GRAPHDATASET NAME="graphdataset" VARIABLES=Year M_M W_M SE
  /GRAPHSPEC SOURCE=INLINE.
BEGIN GPL
  SOURCE: s=userSource(id("graphdataset"))
  DATA: Year=col(source(s), name("Year"), unit.category())
  DATA: M_M=col(source(s), name("M_M"))
  DATA: W_M=col(source(s), name("W_M"))
  DATA: SE=col(source(s), name("SE"))
  TRANS: M_L=eval(M_M-SE)
  TRANS: M_H=eval(M_M+SE)
  TRANS: F_L=eval(W_M-SE)
  TRANS: F_H=eval(W_M+SE)
  GUIDE: axis(dim(1), label("Year"))
  GUIDE: axis(dim(2), label("Simulated Data"))
  ELEMENT: line(position(Year*W_M), color(color.blue))
  ELEMENT: interval(position(region.spread.range(Year*(F_L+F_H))), shape(shape.ibeam), color(color.blue))
  ELEMENT: line(position(Year*M_M), color(color.green))
  ELEMENT: interval(position(region.spread.range(Year*(M_L+M_H))), shape(shape.ibeam), color(color.green))
END GPL.


*Use semi-transparent areas instead of error bars.
GGRAPH
  /GRAPHDATASET NAME="graphdataset" VARIABLES=Year M_M W_M SE
  /GRAPHSPEC SOURCE=INLINE.
BEGIN GPL
  SOURCE: s=userSource(id("graphdataset"))
  DATA: Year=col(source(s), name("Year"), unit.category())
  DATA: M_M=col(source(s), name("M_M"))
  DATA: W_M=col(source(s), name("W_M"))
  DATA: SE=col(source(s), name("SE"))
  TRANS: M_L=eval(M_M-SE)
  TRANS: M_H=eval(M_M+SE)
  TRANS: F_L=eval(W_M-SE)
  TRANS: F_H=eval(W_M+SE)
  GUIDE: axis(dim(1), label("Year"))
  GUIDE: axis(dim(2), label("Simulated Data"))
  ELEMENT: line(position(Year*W_M), color(color.blue))
  ELEMENT: area.difference(position(region.spread.range(Year*(F_L+F_H))), color.interior(color.blue), 
           transparency.interior(transparency."0.6"))
  ELEMENT: line(position(Year*M_M), color(color.green))
  ELEMENT: area.difference(position(region.spread.range(Year*(M_L+M_H))), color.interior(color.green), 
           transparency.interior(transparency."0.6"))
END GPL.


*Do small multiples - reshape wide to long.
VARSTOCASES /MAKE MeanSmi FROM W_M M_M /INDEX Gender.
VALUE LABELS Gender 1 'Female' 2 'Male'.

GGRAPH
  /GRAPHDATASET NAME="graphdataset" VARIABLES=Year MeanSmi SE Gender
  /GRAPHSPEC SOURCE=INLINE.
BEGIN GPL
  SOURCE: s=userSource(id("graphdataset"))
  DATA: Year=col(source(s), name("Year"), unit.category())
  DATA: Gender=col(source(s), name("Gender"), unit.category())
  DATA: MeanSmi=col(source(s), name("MeanSmi"))
  DATA: SE=col(source(s), name("SE"))
  TRANS: M_L=eval(MeanSmi-SE)
  TRANS: M_H=eval(MeanSmi+SE)
  GUIDE: axis(dim(1), label("Year"))
  GUIDE: axis(dim(2), label("Simulated Data"))
  GUIDE: axis(dim(3), opposite())
  GUIDE: legend(aesthetic(aesthetic.color), null())
  ELEMENT: line(position(Year*MeanSmi*Gender), color(Gender))
  ELEMENT: area.difference(position(region.spread.range(Year*(M_L+M_H)*Gender)), color.interior(Gender), 
           transparency.interior(transparency."0.6"))
END GPL.


*Dodge the areas.
TEMPORARY.
SELECT IF RANGE(Year,1940,1960).
GGRAPH
  /GRAPHDATASET NAME="graphdataset" VARIABLES=Ord MeanSmi Gender SE
  /GRAPHSPEC SOURCE=INLINE.
BEGIN GPL
  SOURCE: s=userSource(id("graphdataset"))
  DATA: Ord=col(source(s), name("Ord"), unit.category())
  DATA: MeanSmi=col(source(s), name("MeanSmi"))
  DATA: Gender=col(source(s), name("Gender"), unit.category())
  DATA: SE=col(source(s), name("SE"))
  TRANS: M_L=eval(MeanSmi-SE)
  TRANS: M_H=eval(MeanSmi+SE)
  COORD: rect(dim(1,2), cluster(3,0))
  GUIDE: axis(dim(3), label("Category"))
  GUIDE: axis(dim(2), label("Simulated Data"))
  GUIDE: legend(aesthetic(aesthetic.color.interior), label("Gender"))
  ELEMENT: edge(position(region.spread.range(Gender*(M_L+M_H)*Ord)),color.interior(Gender))
  ELEMENT: point(position(Gender*MeanSmi*Ord), color.interior(Gender), shape(Gender), size(size."10"))
END GPL.
EXECUTE.

OUTPUT EXPORT /PNG IMAGEROOT="C:\Users\andrew.wheeler\Dropbox\Documents\BLOG\ErrorGraphs\ErrorGraphs.png".